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. 2022 Sep;29(42):63917-63935.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20176-3. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel composite of rice husk-derived graphene oxide with titania microspheres (GO-RH/TiO2) for effective treatment of cationic dye methylene blue in aqueous solutions

Panlekha Manpetch  1 , Wadwan Singhapong  1 , Angkhana Jaroenworaluck  2
Affiliations

Synthesis and characterization of a novel composite of rice husk-derived graphene oxide with titania microspheres (GO-RH/TiO2) for effective treatment of cationic dye methylene blue in aqueous solutions

Panlekha Manpetch et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized utilizing rice husk (RH) as the starting raw material via a modified Hummers' method. Ground pencil leads were used as a control powder of the starting raw material to monitor the consistency of the synthesis method. TiO2 microspheres were synthesized via a precipitated method using the pluronic F127 solution as the pore template. GO derived from RH (GO-RH) was composited with TiO2 microspheres as GO-RH/TiO2 composites by an impregnation method with weight ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3. Characterized results revealed GO-RH formed a ternary phase material of graphene oxide, graphite oxide, and silica. A typical microstructure of the calcined TiO2 microspheres was found as the agglomerated anatase nanoparticles. Furthermore, the composites belong to large surface areas and numerous oxygen-containing functionalities on their surfaces. Removal efficiencies of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions by the composites, GO-RH and TiO2, were studied under UV illumination for 180 min. Due to the effective combination of adsorption and photodegradation for the MB removal, the composites provided the higher efficiencies (99-100%) faster than those of GO-RH and TiO2 and could be reused at least 4 times. Finally, a mechanism of the MB removal by the composites was proposed.

Keywords: Absorption; Graphene oxide (GO); Graphene oxide derived from rice husk (GO-RH); Graphene oxide derived from rice husk/titanium (GO-RH/TiO2) composites; Methylene blue (MB); Photodegradation; Rice husk (RH); Titanium dioxide (TiO2) microspheres.

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