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. 2022 Apr 27;22(1):841.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13271-0.

Global, regional, and national burden of hypertensive heart disease during 1990-2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019

Yunyan Lu  1 , Tian Lan  2
Affiliations

Global, regional, and national burden of hypertensive heart disease during 1990-2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019

Yunyan Lu et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a major public health issue worldwide. We analyzed the global, regional, and national burden of HHD between the years 1990 and 2019 in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: The prevalence and death rates, the disability adjusted life-years (DALY), and the corresponding age-standardized rates of HHD were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The epidemiological trends were evaluated by calculating the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of the above variates.

Results: A total of 19.60 million HHD cases were documented in 2019 compared to 7.82 million in 1990, corresponding to an EAPC of 0.17. Contrarily, the global age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALYs decreased with respective EAPCs of - 0.74 and - 1.02. HHD mostly occurred in people aged over 65. The disease burden of HHD varied considerably between countries, and univariate linear regression indicated that many socioeconomic variables had significantly negative correlations with age-standardized DALY rate.

Conclusion: HHD cases have increased over the last three decades; however the mortality rate has declined. Multi-faceted improvements in health, education and income could help to alleviate the disease burden of HHD, specially in some regions with lower socio-demographic index and higher ASDR.

Keywords: Global disease burden; Hypertensive heart disease; Socioeconomic factors; Time trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The global trend of hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2019. The number of prevalence (A), death (D), and DALY (G). The rate of prevalence (B), death (E), and DALY (H). Age-standardized rate of prevalence (C), death (F), and DALY (I). Dashed lines represent 95% uncertainty interval; DALY, disability adjusted life-year
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The gender-specific global prevalence, death, and DALY rate of hypertensive heart disease in 1990 and 2019. The vertical axis represents DALY, death, and prevalence rate (per 100,000 population). DALY, disability adjusted life-year
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Global map of the disease burden of hypertensive heart disease (A, DALY number; B, DALY rates; C, Age-standardized DALY rates) and the top 20 countries with disease burden (D, DALY number; E, DALY rates; F, Age-standardized DALY rates)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The age-standardized prevalence, death, and DALY rate for hypertensive heart disease by different SDI regions, 1990–2019. ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability adjusted life-year; SDI, socio-demographic index
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The trend in ASPR (A), ASDR (B), age-standardized DALY rate (C) of hypertensive heart disease in 21 regions based on SDI. Expected values are shown as the dark blue line. ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability adjusted life-year; SDI, socio-demographic index
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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