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Review
. 2022 Oct;27(5):101346.
doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101346. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Application and potential of artificial intelligence in neonatal medicine

T'ng Chang Kwok  1 , Caroline Henry  1 , Sina Saffaran  2 , Marisse Meeus  3 , Declan Bates  4 , David Van Laere  3 , Geraldine Boylan  5 , James P Boardman  6 , Don Sharkey  7
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Application and potential of artificial intelligence in neonatal medicine

T'ng Chang Kwok et al. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

Neonatal care is becoming increasingly complex with large amounts of rich, routinely recorded physiological, diagnostic and outcome data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to harness this vast quantity and range of information and become a powerful tool to support clinical decision making, personalised care, precise prognostics, and enhance patient safety. Current AI approaches in neonatal medicine include tools for disease prediction and risk stratification, neurological diagnostic support and novel image recognition technologies. Key to the integration of AI in neonatal medicine is the understanding of its limitations and a standardised critical appraisal of AI tools. Barriers and challenges to this include the quality of datasets used, performance assessment, and appropriate external validation and clinical impact studies. Improving digital literacy amongst healthcare professionals and cross-disciplinary collaborations are needed to harness the full potential of AI to help take the next significant steps in improving neonatal outcomes for high-risk infants.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Neonatal medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest TCK and DS are supported by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Children and Young People MedTech Co-operative (CYP MedTech). DS has received funding for technology development from the Medical Research Council, NIHR and Action Medical Research, and is a non-executive director of SurePulse Medical who are developing monitoring solutions for neonatal care. DVL received funding for technology development through a research grant provided by the University Hospital of Antwerp and a private fund. DVL is the co-owner and an executive board member of Innocens BV who are developing an AI based Clinical decision support system for Neonatal Intensive Care. CH, MM, SS, DB, GB and JPB have no conflict of interest to disclose. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or of the Department of Health.

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