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. 2022 Apr 26;9(1):20.
doi: 10.1186/s40779-022-00380-5.

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Qian-Qian Yuan  1 , Shu-Yuan Xiao  2 , Omar Farouk  3 , Yu-Tang Du  4 , Fereshte Sheybani  5 , Qing Ting Tan  6 , Sami Akbulut  7 , Kenan Cetin  8 , Afsaneh Alikhassi  9 , Rami Jalal Yaghan  10 , Irmak Durur-Subasi  11 , Fatih Altintoprak  12 , Tae Ik Eom  13 , Fatih Alper  14 , Mustafa Hasbahceci  15 , David Martínez-Ramos  16 , Pelin Seher Oztekin  17 , Ava Kwong  18 , Cedric W Pluguez-Turull  19 , Kirstyn E Brownson  20 , Shirish Chandanwale  21 , Mehran Habibi  22 , Liu-Yi Lan  1 , Rui Zhou  1 , Xian-Tao Zeng  23 , Jiao Bai  24 , Jun-Wen Bai  25 , Qiong-Rong Chen  26 , Xing Chen  27 , Xiao-Ming Zha  28 , Wen-Jie Dai  29 , Zhi-Jun Dai  30 , Qin-Yu Feng  1 , Qing-Jun Gao  31 , Run-Fang Gao  32 , Bao-San Han  33 , Jin-Xuan Hou  1 , Wei Hou  34 , Hai-Ying Liao  35 , Hong Luo  36 , Zheng-Ren Liu  37 , Jing-Hua Lu  38 , Bin Luo  39 , Xiao-Peng Ma  40 , Jun Qian  41 , Jian-Yong Qin  42 , Wei Wei  43 , Gang Wei  1 , Li-Ying Xu  44 , Hui-Chao Xue  45 , Hua-Wei Yang  46 , Wei-Ge Yang  47 , Chao-Jie Zhang  48 , Fan Zhang  49 , Guan-Xin Zhang  50 , Shao-Kun Zhang  51 , Shu-Qun Zhang  52 , Ye-Qiang Zhang  53 , Yue-Peng Zhang  24 , Sheng-Chu Zhang  54 , Dai-Wei Zhao  55 , Xiang-Min Zheng  56 , Le-Wei Zheng  1 , Gao-Ran Xu  1 , Wen-Bo Zhou  57 , Gao-Song Wu  58
Affiliations

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)

Qian-Qian Yuan et al. Mil Med Res. .

Erratum in

  • Correction: Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition).
    Yuan QQ, Xiao SY, Farouk O, Du YT, Sheybani F, Tan QT, Akbulut S, Cetin K, Alikhassi A, Yaghan RJ, Durur-Subasi I, Altintoprak F, Eom TI, Alper F, Hasbahceci M, Martínez-Ramos D, Oztekin PS, Kwong A, Pluguez-Turull CW, Brownson KE, Chandanwale S, Habibi M, Lan LY, Zhou R, Zeng XT, Bai J, Bai JW, Chen QR, Chen X, Zha XM, Dai WJ, Dai ZJ, Feng QY, Gao QJ, Gao RF, Han BS, Hou JX, Hou W, Liao HY, Luo H, Liu ZR, Lu JH, Luo B, Ma XP, Qian J, Qin JY, Wei W, Wei G, Xu LY, Xue HC, Yang HW, Yang WG, Zhang CJ, Zhang F, Zhang GX, Zhang SK, Zhang SQ, Zhang YQ, Zhang YP, Zhang SC, Zhao DW, Zheng XM, Zheng LW, Xu GR, Zhou WB, Wu GS. Yuan QQ, et al. Mil Med Res. 2022 Aug 23;9(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s40779-022-00408-w. Mil Med Res. 2022. PMID: 35999646 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Granulomatous lobular mastitis; Granulomatous mastitis; Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pathogenesis of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Clinical management algorithm of GLM. US ultrasound, GLM granulomatous lobular mastitis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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