Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric surgery in North America: a retrospective analysis of 834,647 patients

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has transformed surgical care, yet little is known regarding implications for bariatric surgery.

Objective: We sought to characterize the effect of COVID-19 on bariatric surgery delivery and outcomes.

Setting: The Metabolic and Bariatric Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) collects data from 885 centers in North America.

Methods: The MBSAQIP database was evaluated with 2 cohorts described: the COVID-19 and the pre-COVID-19, with patients receiving surgery in 2020 and 2015-2019, respectively. Yearly operative trends were characterized, and bivariate analysis compared demographics and postoperative outcomes. Multivariable modeling evaluated 30-day readmission, reintervention, and reoperation rates and factors associated with undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Results: We evaluated 834,647 patients, with 155,830 undergoing bariatric surgery during the 2020 pandemic year. A 12.1% reduction in total cases (177,208 in 2019 versus 155,830 in 2020; P < .001) and 13.8% reduction in cases per center occurred (204.2 cases per center in 2019 versus 176.1 cases per center in 2020; P < .001). Patients receiving bariatric surgery during the pandemic were younger and had fewer co-morbidities. Use of sleeve gastrectomy increased (74.5% versus 72.5%; P < .001), and surgery during COVID-19 was associated with reduced Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure selection (odds ratio = .83; 95% CI: .82-.84; P < .001). Length of stay decreased significantly (1.4 ± 1.4 days versus 1.6 ± 1.4 days; P < .001), yet postoperative outcomes were similar. After adjusting for co-morbidities, patients during COVID-19 had decreased 30-day odds of readmission and reintervention and a small increase in odds of reoperation.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed bariatric surgery delivery. Further studies evaluating the long-term effects of these changes are warranted.

Keywords: Bariatric surgery; COVID-19; Pandemic; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy.

Fig. 1

Total number of elective bariatric surgeries, Metabolic and Bariatric Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) reporting centers, and elective bariatric surgeries per center over time.