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. 2022 Jul 1;31(7):494-502.
doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002044. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Association Between Dietary Salt Intake and Open Angle Glaucoma in the Thessaloniki Eye Study

Victoria L Tseng  1 , Fotis Topouzis  2 , Fei Yu  1   3 , Christina Keskini  2 , Theofanis Pappas  2 , Panayiota Founti  2   4 , Eleftherios Anastasopoulos  2 , Alon Harris  5 , M Roy Wilson  6 , Anne L Coleman  1   7
Affiliations

Association Between Dietary Salt Intake and Open Angle Glaucoma in the Thessaloniki Eye Study

Victoria L Tseng et al. J Glaucoma. .

Abstract

Prcis: In the Thessaloniki Eye Study (TES) incidence phase population, frequent dietary salt intake was potentially associated with increased risk of open angle glaucoma in antihypertensive users.

Purpose: The aim was to examine the association between dietary salt intake and glaucoma by antihypertensive use in the TES population.

Materials and methods: The study population included TES incidence phase participants. Dietary salt intake frequency was assessed by self-report. Outcomes included prevalence of any open angle glaucoma (OAG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Covariates included demographics, cardiovascular disease, migraines, diabetes, steroid use, smoking, history of cataract surgery, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and antihypertensive use. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between frequency of salt intake and glaucoma, controlling for covariates and stratified by antihypertensive use.

Results: The study included 1076 participants 80.5±4.4 years old, of whom 518 were female. There were 89/1076 (8.3%) participants with any OAG, 46/789 (5.8%) with POAG, and 287/1030 (27.9%) with PEX. In participants with antihypertensive use, frequent versus never salt intake was associated with increased risk of any OAG [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12, 6.28; n=784] and POAG (aOR=3.59, 95% CI=1.16, 11.11; n=578) overall, and additionally in participants with diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg (aOR=2.42, 95% CI=1.00, 5.84; n=735) for OAG. There were no statistically significant adjusted associations between salt intake and PEX, or in participants without antihypertensive use.

Conclusions: In TES participants assessed for OAG in the prevalence and incidence phases, frequent salt intake may be associated with increased OAG in those who take antihypertensive medication. Further investigation is needed of salt intake and glaucoma in hypertensive individuals.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: F.T.: Pfizer (financial support); Novartis (financial support, consultant); Bayer (financial support); Alcon (financial support); Thea (financial support); Omikron (financial support, consultant), Rheon (financial support), Bausch & Lomb (financial support). P.F.: Thea (honoraria). A.H.: Received remuneration from AdOM, Qlaris, Luseed, and Cipla for serving as a consultant, and he serves on the board of AdOM, Qlaris, and Phileas Pharma. A.H. holds an ownership interest in AdOM, Luseed, Oxymap, Qlaris, Phileas Pharma, and QuLent. All relationships listed above are pursuant to Icahn School of Medicine’s policy on outside activities. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of Study Population 1TES=Thessaloniki Eye Study 2Includes types of glaucoma other than primary open angle glaucoma or pseudexfoliation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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