Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Aug;94(8):3554-3560.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27810. Epub 2022 May 5.

Vaccines for Covid-19: An insight on their effectiveness and adverse effects

Naila Qamar  1 , Gul Rukh  2 , Sadiq N Khan  1
Affiliations
Review

Vaccines for Covid-19: An insight on their effectiveness and adverse effects

Naila Qamar et al. J Med Virol. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

An era of SARS-COVID-19 outbreak with a high contagious percentage around the globe has been the subject of multi-agency research aimed at generating vaccines for active immunization. Scientists across the world are joining hands for advanced tie-ups between medical start-ups and pharmaceutical industries for devices and vaccines development to hinder the progress of this outbreak. Moreover, the questions that need to be answered are how to improve the effectiveness and efficacy of vaccines with reduced side effects and the required doses of vaccines for enhanced surveillance. In this review article, we have discussed the effectiveness and efficacy of different Covid-19 vaccines.

Keywords: SARS-COVID 19; Sinovac; efficacy; relative risk rate; vaccines.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID‐19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020;25(3):278. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Oboho IK, Tomczyk SM, Al‐Asmari AM, et al. 2014 MERS‐CoV outbreak in Jeddah—a link to health care facilities. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):846‐854. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Olliaro P, Torreele E, Vaillant M. COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness—the elephant (not) in the room. The Lancet Microbe. 2021;2:e279‐e280. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sharma O, Sultan AA, Ding H, Triggle CR. A review of the progress and challenges of developing a vaccine for COVID‐19. Front Immunol. 2020;11:2413. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ceylan Z. Estimation of COVID‐19 prevalence in Italy, Spain, and France. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729:138817. - PMC - PubMed