A walk through the SMC cycle: From catching DNAs to shaping the genome

Abstract

SMC protein complexes are molecular machines that provide structure to chromosomes. These complexes bridge DNA elements and by doing so build DNA loops in cis and hold together the sister chromatids in trans. We discuss how drastic conformational changes allow SMC complexes to build such intricate DNA structures. The tight regulation of these complexes controls fundamental chromosomal processes such as transcription, recombination, repair, and mitosis.

Keywords: 3D genome; CTCF; SMC complexes; chromosome condensation; cohesin; condensin; loop extrusion; sister chromatid cohesion.