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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Apr 11:67:1604522.
doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604522. eCollection 2022.

Air Pollution and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in Oil and Gas- Situated Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ogochukwu Chinedum Okoye  1   2 , Elaine Carnegie  2 , Luca Mora  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Air Pollution and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in Oil and Gas- Situated Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ogochukwu Chinedum Okoye et al. Int J Public Health. .

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at synthesising epidemiological data on the association between long-term air pollution and kidney-related outcomes in oil and natural gas (ONG) situated communities. Methods: We synthesised studies using the PRISMA 2020 guideline. We searched databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, CIHANL, CAB Abstracts, Greenlife, African Journal Online, Google Scholar and Web of Science, from inception to April 2021. Heterogeneity across studies and publication bias were assessed. Results: Twenty-five studies were systematically reviewed but only 14 were included in the meta-analysis and categorised based on the outcome studied. Residents of exposed communities have increased risk for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44-2.01), lower eGFR (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.48-0.67) and higher serum creatinine (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.06-1.82) compared to less exposed or unexposed populations. The risks for hypertension and kidney cancer between the two populations were not significantly different. Conclusion: We report an increased risk for CKD and kidney dysfunction in populations residing near petrochemical plants, although from a limited number of studies. The scientific community needs to explore this environment and non-communicable disease relationship, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Keywords: air pollution; hypertension; kidney disease; meta-analysis; oil and natural gas; petrochemical plants; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Flow diagram for study inclusion (Nigeria, 2021).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Forest plot and pooled effect estimates of the association between hypertension and high exposure to air pollutant (Nigeria, 2021).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Forest plot and pooled effect estimates of the association between high exposure to air pollutant and chronic kidney disease (Nigeria, 2021).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Forest plot and pooled effect estimates of the association between high exposure to air pollutant and estimated glomerular filtration rate (A); and the association between high exposure to air pollutant and serum creatinine (B) (Nigeria, 2021).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Forest plot and pooled effect estimates of the association between high exposure to air pollutant and kidney cancer mortality (A); and kidney cancer incidence (B) (Nigeria, 2021).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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