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. 2022 Sep;93(5):1398-1413.
doi: 10.1111/cdev.13781. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Examining the factor structure and discriminative utility of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised in infant siblings of autistic children

Sooyeon Sung  1 , Angela Fenoglio  1 , Jason J Wolff  1 , Robert T Schultz  2 , Kelly N Botteron  3 , Stephen R Dager  4 , Annette M Estes  4 , Heather C Hazlett  5 , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  6 , Joseph Piven  5 , Jed T Elison  1 ; IBIS Network
Collaborators, Affiliations

Examining the factor structure and discriminative utility of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised in infant siblings of autistic children

Sooyeon Sung et al. Child Dev. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised in a longitudinal sample of infant siblings of autistic children (HR; n = 427, 171 female, 83.4% White) and a comparison group of low-risk controls (LR, n = 200, 86 female, 81.5% White), collected between 2007 and 2017, this study identified an invariant factor structure of temperament traits across groups at 6 and 12 months. Second, after partitioning the groups by familial risk and diagnostic outcome at 24 months, results reveal an endophenotypic pattern of Positive Emotionality at both 6 and 12 months, (HR-autism spectrum disorder [ASD] < HR-no-ASD < LR). Third, increased 'Duration of Orienting' at 12 months was associated with lower scores on the 24-month developmental outcomes in HR infants. These findings may augment efforts for early identification of ASD.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) models of the IBQ‐R structure in the current sample. Standardized estimates are presented. High‐risk/low‐risk groups. POS, Positive Emotionality; NEG, Negative Emotionality; DO, Duration of Orienting; SL, Smiling and Laughter; HP, High‐Intensity Pleasure; APP, Approach; VR, Vocal Reactivity; DL, Distress to Limitations; FALL, Falling Reactivity; SAD, Sadness
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Factor scores by risk status and diagnostic status. Note: Scores on the temperament factors and Duration of Orienting as a function of familial risk and diagnostic status at 24 months. Asterisks represent p values < .05, .01, and .001, respectively. Error bars represent 1 SD. IBQ, Infant Behavior Questionnaire
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The structural equation model predicting 24‐month developmental outcome. Note: High‐risk/low‐risk groups. Non‐significant direct paths from 6 to 24 months are dropped from the model. Standardized path coefficients that are statistically significant at p < .05 are presented except for the path from Sex to Duration of Orienting at 12 months in low‐risk group (b = −.16, p = .048). Non‐significant correlations in both groups are displayed as dotted lines in the figure. DO, Duration of Orienting; ELC, early learning composite; NEG, Negative Emotionality; POS, Positive Emotionality
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