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. 2022 Apr 29;20(1):68.
doi: 10.1186/s43141-022-00349-w.

Sociodemographic and genetic determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Muhammad Adnan  1   2 , Abdul Wajid  3 , Wasif Noor  4 , Andleeb Batool  5 , Muhammad Aasim  6 , Kamran Abbas  3 , Quratul Ain  3
Affiliations

Sociodemographic and genetic determinants of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Muhammad Adnan et al. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showed significant association with PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism in unrelated individuals. However, it is still unknown whether the relationship of NAFLD with PNPLA3 variant exists or not among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and genetic determinants of NAFLD in type 2 diabetics.

Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, during 2019-2020. A total of 153 known cases of T2DM were enrolled using convenience sampling. After excluding patients (n = 24) with HCV, alcoholism, or missing information, data from 129 eligible diabetics with and without NAFLD were analyzed using SPSS. Odds ratios using crosstabs and adjusted odds ratios using binary and multinomial logistic regression were calculated to measure the risk of NAFLD.

Results: Adults 18-35 years were 7.0%, 36-55 years were 64.3%, ≥ 56 years were 28.7%, and females were 66.7%. A total of 41.1% of patients had obesity, 52.7% had NAFLD, and 29.05% carried mutant G allele of rs738409 polymorphism. Among overall diabetics, NAFLD showed association with female (OR = 2.998, p = 0.007), illiterate (OR = 3.067, p = 0.005), and obese (OR = 2.211, p = 0.046) but not with PNPLA3 genotype under any model (all p = > 0.05). Among obese diabetics, NAFLD showed association with female (AOR = 4.010, p = 0.029), illiterate (AOR = 3.506, p = 0.037), GG + CG/CC (AOR = 3.303, p = 0.033), and GG/CG + CC (AOR = 4.547, p = 0.034) using binary regression and with female (AOR = 3.411, p = 0.051), illiterate (AOR = 3.323, p = 0.048), GG + CG/CC (AOR = 3.270, p = 0.029), and GG/CG + CC (AOR = 4.534, p = 0.024) using multinomial regression.

Conclusions: NAFLD and obesity were the most common comorbid diseases of T2DM. Gender female, being illiterate, and PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism were significant risk factors of NAFLD among obese diabetic patients.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Polymorphism genetic; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PCR-RFLP results of PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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