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. 2022 Jun:70:45-52.
doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.04.008. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Neighborhood disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in New York city over the first two waves of the outbreak

Xiaobo Zhong  1 , Ziqi Zhou  2 , Guohua Li  3 , Muhire H Kwizera  2 , Peter Muennig  4 , Qixuan Chen  5
Affiliations

Neighborhood disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in New York city over the first two waves of the outbreak

Xiaobo Zhong et al. Ann Epidemiol. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the association of neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with COVID-19 incidence and mortality in New York City (NYC) over the first two waves of outbreak.

Methods: This retrospective study used neighborhood-level data from 177 modified ZIP code tabulation areas in NYC between March 01, 2020 and April 30, 2021.

Results: Neighborhoods that were most severely impacted in wave 1 were also more affected in wave 2. Neighborhoods with a higher percentage of seniors (≥75 years), males, Black and Hispanic population, and large-size households had higher incidence rates of COVID-19 in wave 1 but not in wave 2. Neighborhoods with higher percentage of Black and Hispanic population and lower insurance coverage had higher death rate per capita and case fatality ratio in wave 1, and neighborhoods with higher percentage of Black and Asian population had elevated case fatality ratio in wave 2. Median household income was negatively associated with incidence rate and death rate per capita but not associated with case fatality ratio in both waves. Neighborhoods with more seniors had higher death rate and case fatality ratio in both waves.

Conclusions: Neighborhood disparities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality across NYC neighborhoods were dynamic during the first two waves of outbreak.

Keywords: Bayesian hierarchical model; COVID-19 pandemic; Case fatality ratio; Death rate per capita; Incidence rate; Modified zcta; Race/ethnicity; socioeconomic factors.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig. 1
Histogram of daily confirmed COVID-19 positive cases and geographical distributions of total confirmed COVID-19 positive cases in the 177 New York City ZCTAs in wave 1 and wave 2. “(For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)”
Fig 2
Fig. 2
Histogram of daily COVID-19 deaths and geographical distributions of total COVID-19 deaths in the 177 New York City ZCTAs in wave 1 and wave 2. “(For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)”
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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