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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Apr 29;12(4):e055764.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055764.

Characteristics of participants who take up screening tests for diabetes and lipid disorders: a systematic review

Hanyue Ding  1 , Junjie Huang  1 , Yunyang Deng  1 , Sze Pui Pamela Tin  2 , Martin Chi-Sang Wong  3   4 , Eng-Kiong Yeoh  3   5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Characteristics of participants who take up screening tests for diabetes and lipid disorders: a systematic review

Hanyue Ding et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: To perform a systematic review on the characteristics of participants who attended screening programmes with blood glucose tests, lipid profiles or a combination of them, respectively.

Design: Systematic review following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.

Data sources: PubMed and Medline databases for English literature from 1 January 2000 to 1 April 2020.

Eligibility criteria: Original observational studies that reported baseline characteristics of apparently healthy adult participants screening for diabetes and lipid disorders were included in this review.

Data extraction: We examined their sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle habits. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies.

Results: A total of 33 articles involving 38 studies in 22 countries were included and analysed in this systematic review. Overall, there was a higher participation rate among subjects who were female in all screening modalities (female vs male: 46.6%-63.9% vs 36.1%-53.4% for diabetes screening; 48.8%-58.4% vs 41.6%-51.2% for lipid screening; and 36.4%-76.8% vs 23.2%-63.6% for screening offering both). Compared with the BMI standard from the WHO, participants in lipid screening had lower BMI (male: 23.8 kg/m2 vs 24.2 kg/m2, p<0.01; female: 22.3 kg/m2 vs 23.6 kg/m2, p<0.01). Furthermore, it is less likely for individuals of lower socioeconomic status to participate in diabetes or lipid screening in developed areas.

Conclusions: We identified that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups were less likely to take up programmes for diabetes and/or lipid screening in developed areas. These populations are also likely to be at higher risk of non-communicable diseases. Future studies should investigate the barriers and facilitators of screening among non-participants, where targeted interventions to enhance their screening uptake are warranted.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Mass Screening; Population Characteristics; Systematic Review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: PSPT is from Our Hong Kong Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The mean age of screening participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The body mass index of screening participants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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