Prevalence of long term metabolic, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remote from pregnancy (POMCH)

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and adverse renal outcomes. Biomarkers including soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), placental growth factor (PlGF) are predictive of the development of preeclampsia. Their long-term value in predicting which women will develop cardiovascular complications remote from pregnancy is not yet established.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and incidence of Cardio-renal-metabolic outcomes at 10 years follow-up in a cohort of women screened for suspected preeclampsia from 2008 to 2009 and assess the relationship between pregnancy biomarkers and long-term outcomes.

Study design: A retrospective cohort study of 117 women. Outcomes were assessed by auditing medical records. The primary outcome was the prevalence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic and renal outcomes at 10 years remote from the diagnosis of HDP. The secondary outcome was to assess the relationship of the remote from pregnancy outcomes to biomarkers (sFlt1, PlGF, soluble endoglin (sEng) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL)) taken at the time of pregnancy comparing the results of those with adverse outcomes compared to those without.

Results: There was a 12.7% prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, 44.4% prevalence of hypertension, 20.6% prevalence of chronic kidney disease and 17.5% prevalence of diabetes. Women who developed preeclampsia had an increased prevalence and incidence of adverse outcomes compared to women without preeclampsia. There was a weak relationship between sENg measured at the time of clinical suspicion of preeclampsia and the adverse outcomes 144 (139-146) months remote from pregnancy.

Conclusions: Biomarkers taken at the time of pregnancy did not accurately predict the long-term adverse cardiometabolic outcomes.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic kidney disease; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; PlGF; sFLT-1.