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. 2021 Nov 8;11(57):35994-36006.
doi: 10.1039/d1ra07385k. eCollection 2021 Nov 4.

Structural characterization, anti-inflammatory and glycosidase inhibitory activities of two new polysaccharides from the root of Pueraria lobata

Jiale Cai  1   2   3 , Xiaoting Zhong  1   2   3 , Jiayin Liang  1   2   3 , Can Xu  1   2   3 , Huanzheng Yu  1   2   3 , Minghua Xian  1   2   3 , Chunyan Yan  1 , Shumei Wang  1   2   3
Affiliations

Structural characterization, anti-inflammatory and glycosidase inhibitory activities of two new polysaccharides from the root of Pueraria lobata

Jiale Cai et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Diabetes seriously endangers public health and brings a heavy economic burden to the country. Inflammation is one of the main inducing factors of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and may cause some complications of diabetes, such as diabetic encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy. In-depth research and development of drugs to cure diabetes and complications are of great significance. Pueraria lobate is a medicinal herb used in several countries to treat many diseases. Here, two new polysaccharides (PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2) were isolated and purified from the root of Pueraria lobata with molecular weights of 9.1 × 103 Da and 3.8 × 103 Da, respectively. The structure was evaluated by monosaccharide composition, GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. It was determined that PLB-1-1 comprised →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, α-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Manp-(1→ and →4,6)-β-d-Manp-(1→, and PLB-1-2 consisted of →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Manp-(1→ and α-l-Fucp-(1→. Furthermore, both PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2 showed anti-inflammatory and inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro. Therefore, the new polysaccharides, i.e., PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2, may be considered candidates for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Flowchart for the extraction and fractionation of polysaccharides from the root of Pueraria lobata.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Separation and purification of PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2. (A) Elution profile of PLB on DEAE-52. (B) Elution profile of PLB-1 on Sephacryl S-100. (C) The HPGPC chromatogram of PLB-1-1. (D) The HPGPC chromatogram of PLB-1-2. (E) The ultraviolet spectrum of PLB-1-1. (F) The ultraviolet spectrum of PLB-1-2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The structures of PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2 analyzed by IR and HPLC. (A) FT-IR spectrum of PLB-1-1. (B) The IR spectrum of PLB-1-2. (C) The HPLC chromatogram of monosaccharides in PLB-1-1. Each label represents: (1) mannose, (2) glucose, (3) galactose, (4) arabinose. (D) The HPLC chromatogram of monosaccharides in PLB-1-2. Each label represents: (1) mannose, (2) glucose, (5) fucose.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Nuclear magnetic spectrum analysis of PLB-1-1. 1H (A), 13C (B), HSQC (C) and HMBC (D) spectra of PLB-1-1.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Nuclear magnetic spectrum analysis of PLB-1-2. 1H (A), 13C (B), HSQC (C) and HMBC (D) spectra of PLB-1-2.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. The predicted structure of PLB-1-1.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. The predicted structures (A, B, C and D) of PLB-1-2.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Result of SEM images and congo red of PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2. SEM images of PLB-1-1 (A: 200×, B: 1000×) and PLB-1-2 (C: 500×, D: 1400×). E: Congo red assay of PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of PLB, PLB-1 and PLB-1-2. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of PLB (A), PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2 (B). α-Amylase inhibitory activity of PLB (C), PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2 (D).
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of PIB, PLB-1-1 and PLB-1-2. (A) Inhibitory effect of homogeneous polysaccharides on NO release in RAW264.7 cells. (B) Inhibitory effect of homogeneous polysaccharides on NO release in BV2 cells. (C) Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharides on NO release in BV2 cells.
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