Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo: a review

Abstract

Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo is a herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Lamioideae. Approximately, 127 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from L. rotata, including iridoids, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, polysaccharides, and organic acids. These chemical constituents have extensive pharmacological properties, which include anti-nociceptive, haemostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cardio-protective activities. Documentation of its historical use in traditional medicine and contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological research indicate that L. rotata has significant potential in therapeutic and health care applications. Both whole extracts and individual chemical components isolated from this plant exhibit a wide range of biological activities that warrant further investigation. These investigations can be assisted by careful review of existing traditional knowledge from diverse cultural backgrounds. A new search for chemical and biological markers and reinforced protection of the germplasm resources of L. rotata are also important to ensure targeted and sustainable use of this medicinal resource. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive information on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, ethnopharmacology, chemical and pharmacological properties, toxicity profile, and conservation status of L. rotata, to improve understanding of its mechanisms of action so that novel therapeutic agents may be developed from this plant.

Fig. 1. L. rotata from Jingzhubencao (Qing Dynasty, AD 1848) (A), the aerial parts of L. rotata (B), and Lamiophlomis herba (C).

Fig. 2. The skeletal structures of iridoids from L. rotata.

Fig. 3. The structures of compounds 32–47 from L. rotata.

Fig. 4. The skelectal structures of flavonoids from L. rotata.

Fig. 5. The structures of compounds 69–70 from L. rotata.

Fig. 6. The skeletal structures of phenylethanoid glycosides from L. rotata.

Fig. 7. The structures of compounds 81–87 from L. rotata.

Fig. 8. The structures of compounds 88–99 from L. rotata.

Fig. 9. The structures of compounds 100–113 from L. rotata.

Fig. 10. The structures of compounds 114–127 from L. rotata.