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. 2022 Apr 18:40:101033.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101033. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Association between erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary artery disease: Role of exercise stress testing and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire

Shakeel Ahmed Memon  1 , Muhammad Adil  1 , Fahad Raja Khan  1 , Safi Ullah  1 , Samra Rehmat  1 , Nooh Zad Gul  1
Affiliations

Association between erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary artery disease: Role of exercise stress testing and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire

Shakeel Ahmed Memon et al. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. .

Abstract

Background: The exercise stress test (EST) is a non-invasive investigation to diagnose coronary artery disease. This research aimed to determine the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED), cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary artery disease (CAD) in men referred for EST.

Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolling 303 patients from August 2020 through September 2021. All patients filled out the international Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. . They underwent an exercise stress test (EST). A two-tailed independent sample t-test, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results: EST was positive in 110 (36.3%) patients, negative in 154 (50.8%), and inconclusive in 39 (12.8%) patients. ED was present in 225 (74.3%) patients and absent in 78 (25.8%) patients. 278 (91.7%) had one or more cardiovascular risk factors. This study reported a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and the results of EST and ED. Compared to patients without ED, patients with ED had a positive EST result. Definite CAD was diagnosed in 21% of patients with ED compared to 1.3% in patients without ED. For a one-unit increase in age, the odds of ED increased by about 5%. Similarly, a negative EST is compared to a positive EST. Negative EST reduced the likelihood of ED by 82%.

Conclusions: This research found a statistically significant connection between CAD, certain cardiovascular risk factors, and ED using the EST and IIEF-5 questionnaires. This research is significant because it may alter the way cardiovascular risk stratification is done.

Keywords: CAD, Coronary Artery Disease; Cardiovascular risk factors; Coronary artery disease; ED, Erectile dysfunction; EST, Exercise Stress Test; Erectile dysfunction; Exercise stress testing; IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function; International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pie chart showing percentages of cardiovascular risk factors.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Bar chart showing the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the result of exercise stress testing against the categories of erectile dysfunction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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