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. 2020 Mar 6;10(16):9693-9703.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra10300g. eCollection 2020 Mar 2.

Facile fabrication of bimetallic Fe-Mg MOF for the synthesis of xanthenes and removal of heavy metal ions

W S Abo El-Yazeed  1   2 , Y G Abou El-Reash  1 , L A Elatwy  1 , Awad I Ahmed  1
Affiliations

Facile fabrication of bimetallic Fe-Mg MOF for the synthesis of xanthenes and removal of heavy metal ions

W S Abo El-Yazeed et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

This work reported the preparation of Mg-MOF, Fe-MOF and Fe-Mg MOF by a solvothermal technique and their characterization with FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and S BET analyses. The nanoparticle diameter ranged from 3.1 to 10.9 nm. The acidity of the MOFs was measured by nonaqueous potentiometric titration of n-butylamine. It was observed that the formation of a bimetallic MOF sharply increases the surface acidity and the catalytic activity. The catalytic results of the Fe-Mg MOF catalyzing the synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes in comparison with those of parent MOFs showed a higher yield of the desired product in a lower time and among various Fe : Mg, the (0.6 : 1) Fe-Mg MOF showed the highest catalytic activity and acidity. Even after the 4th run, the Fe-Mg MOF catalyst still maintained nearly the initial catalytic activity. The adsorption performance of Mg-MOF, Fe-MOF and Fe-Mg MOF was evaluated by batch experiments. The effect of contact time, the solution pH, the adsorbent dose and the initial concentration of the heavy metal ions was discussed. It was found that the capacity of the bimetallic Fe-Mg MOF for Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Cd(ii) adsorption was higher than that of the Mg-MOF and Fe-MOF, the kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the isothermal data obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model. The mechanism of the removal of the heavy metal ions was discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of the prepared MOFs.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. XRD of the prepared MOFs.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. (A) SEM images of Mg-MOF (a), Fe-MOF (b), (0.6 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF (c) and (1 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF (d). (B) TEM images of Mg-MOF (a*), Fe-MOF (b*), (0.6 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF (c*) and (1 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF (d*).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. EDS image of (0.6 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of the prepared MOFs.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Nonaqueous potentiometric titration for the prepared MOFs.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Effect of the total number of acid sites of the prepared MOF on synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes. The error bars represent the standard error.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. (A) The reusability of (0.61) Fe–Mg MOF in the synthesis of xanthenes, (B) XRD and (C) FTIR of the fresh and reused (0.61) Fe–Mg MOF. The error bars represent the standard error.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Effect of pH on the removal of Pb(ii), Cd(ii) and Cu(ii) ions by (0.6 : 1) Fe–Mg MOF sample. The error bars represent the standard error.
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