Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Mar 27;10(21):12504-12510.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra10556e. eCollection 2020 Mar 24.

A study on the mechanism of oxidized quinoline removal from acid solutions based on persulfate-iron systems

Zhichun Zhang  1 , Xiuping Yue  1 , Yanqing Duan  1 , Zhu Rao  2
Affiliations

A study on the mechanism of oxidized quinoline removal from acid solutions based on persulfate-iron systems

Zhichun Zhang et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Quinoline (Qu) and its derivatives have been widely regarded as hazardous pollutants in the world because of their acute toxicity to humans and animals, and potential carcinogenic risks. In this study, a novel sulfate radical system co-activated by ferrous and ZVI was developed to remove Qu from acidic solutions. The optimal ratio of ferrous and ZVI in the system and the mechanism of Qu removal from acidic solutions are also explored. The ZVI can initiate activation using hydrogen ions, which are released from the reaction of Fe2+, organics and PS in acidic solutions. This may dramatically improve the overall removal efficiency of Qu. The results indicated that the initial removal rate of Qu increases from 85.8% to 92.9%. The cleavage pathway of Qu is speculated by Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and verified by GC/MS analysis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Effects of different iron-based activators on Qu degradation. Conditions: [Qu]0 = 0.1 mM, [PS]0 = 2.4 mM, [ZVI]0 = 0.8 mM, [Fe2+]0 = 2.4 mM, T = 25 ± 1 °C, [pH]0 = 7.0 ± 0.2, no pH adjustment.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. (a) Effects of the initial Fe2+ concentration on the ZVI/PS system. (b) Removal rate of Qu by three different activation methods. Conditions: [Qu]0 = 0.1 mM, [PS]0 = 2.4 mM, T = 25 ± 1 °C, [pH]0 = 7.0 ± 0.2, no pH adjustment. Control: ZVI : PS : Qu = 16 : 24 : 1.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Effects of the solution pH on the rates of Qu degradation. Conditions: [Qu]0 = 0.1 mM; [PS]0 = 2.4 mM; [FeSO4] = 1.3 mM; [ZVI] = 1.6 mM; T = 25 °C.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Schematic of the reactions of Qu with SO4˙− in an acidic solution.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Molecular orbital analysis of Qu (a) and protonated Qu (b).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Proposed degradation pathways.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chen J. Wang X. Huang Y. Lv S. Cao X. Yun J. Cao D. Engineered Science. 2019;5:30–38.
    1. Luo X. Pan Z. Pei F. Jin Z. Miao K. Yang P. Feng G. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2018;59:410–415. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.10.052. - DOI
    1. Shi X. Wang C. Ma Y. Liu H. Wu S. Shao Q. Guo Z. Powder Technol. 2019;356:726–734. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.002. - DOI
    1. Rameshraja D. Srivastava V. C. Kushwaha J. P. Mall I. D. Chem. Pap. 2018;72:617–628. doi: 10.1007/s11696-017-0321-6. - DOI
    1. Guerra-Rodríguez S. Rodríguez E. Singh D. N. Rodríguez-Chueca J. Water. 2018;10:1828. doi: 10.3390/w10121828. - DOI