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. 2022 Feb 19:13:100255.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100255. eCollection 2022 Mar 30.

Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers

Arup Borgohain  1   2 , Mridusmita Sarmah  1   2 , Kaberijyoti Konwar  1   2   3 , Rimjim Gogoi  2 , Bidyot Bikash Gogoi  1   2   4 , Puja Khare  5 , Ranjit Kumar Paul  6 , Jyotirekha G Handique  7 , Harisadhan Malakar  8 , Diganta Deka  1 , Jiban Saikia  2 , Tanmoy Karak  1
Affiliations

Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers

Arup Borgohain et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a greenhouse experiment with two tea cultivars (TV23 and S.3A/3). Made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clone, a decrease in the concentration of As, Cd, and Cr by 36.73%, 16.22%, 13.96%, and 36.63%, 27.78%, 10.54%, respectively over control on the application of the highest dose of TPLBC (500 kg TPLBC ha-1). Irrespective of treatments, studied element concentrations were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the first infusion and lower in the third. Considering Ten g made tea consumption per person per day, the maximum average daily intakes of As, Cd and Cr in a higher dose of TPLBC were far below the tolerable weekly intake prescribed by the World Health Organization. As hazard quotient values of selected elements were ≪ 1, no significant adverse health consequences are expected for tea consumers.

Keywords: ADI, Average daily intake; ANOVA, Analysis of variance; Ammonium acetate (PubChem CID: 517165); Ammonium molybdate (PubChem CID: 21977535); Arsenic (PubChem CID: 5359596); Average daily intake; Boric acid (PubChem CID: 7628); Cadmium (PubChem CID: 23973); Chromium (PubChem CID: 23976); Copper sulphate (PubChem CID: 24462); HQ, Hazard quotient; Hazard quotient; Health risk; Hydrochloric acid (PubChem CID: 313); INF-1, First infusion; INF-2, Second infusion; INF-3, Third infusion; Infusion; Nitric acid (PubChem CID: 944); Perchloric acid (PubChem CID: 24247); Potassium Dichromate (PubChem CID: 24502); Potassium iodide (PubChem CID: 4875); Potassium sulphate (PubChem CID: 24507); Sodium borohydrate (PubChem CID: 22959485); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Stannous chloride, dihydrate (PubChem CID: 10198436); TPLBC, Tea pruning litter biochar; TV, Tocklai vegetative; Tea pruning litter biochar; Tin (PubChem CID: 5352426); Trace elements; Transfer rate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Concentration of (a) As, (b) Cd and (c) Cr in different tea infusions prepared from made tea of TV23 and S.3A/3 clones as a function of different doses on tea pruning litter biochar in soil. Each bar and point indicate the mean of three replications with standard error.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Per cent transfer of trace elements[(a) As, (b) Cd and (c) Cr] from made tea to 1st, 2nd and 3rd tea infusions of made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clones as a function of different doses of tea pruning litter biochar in soil. Each bar and point indicate the mean of three replications and vertical error bar indicates standard error.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Average daily intake (ADI) of As (a: men; b: women), Cd (c: men; d: women), and Cr (e: men; f: women) through first, second, and third tea infusions prepared from the made tea of TV23 and S.3A/3 clones as a function of different doses on tea pruning litter biochar in soil [average body weight (BW) of men = 67.4 kg and for women = 64.9 kg; daily intake of tea is 10 g per person per day]. Each bar and point indicate the mean of three replications and vertical error bar indicates standard error.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Hazard quotient (HQ) of As (a: men; b: women), Cd (c: men; d: women), and Cr (e: men; f: women) through first, second, and third tea infusions prepared from made tea of TV23 and S.3A/3 clones as a function of different doses on tea pruning litter biochar in soil [the reference doses (RfD) in mg kg−1BWday−1forAs, Cd, and Cr are 3 × 10-4, 5 × 10-4 and 3 × 10-3, respectively]. Each bar and point indicate the mean of three replications and vertical error bar indicates standard error.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Dendrogram for homogenous grouping of treatments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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