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Review
. 2022 Dec;18(8):2709-2739.
doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10383-3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Plumping up a Cushion of Human Biowaste in Regenerative Medicine: Novel Insights into a State-of-the-Art Reserve Arsenal

Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou #  1 , Alireza Feizkhah #  2 , Mohammadreza Mobayen  2 , Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi  2 , Shima Shekarchi  3 , Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh  4 , Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar  5   6
Affiliations
Review

Plumping up a Cushion of Human Biowaste in Regenerative Medicine: Novel Insights into a State-of-the-Art Reserve Arsenal

Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou et al. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Major breakthroughs and disruptive methods in disease treatment today owe their thanks to our inch by inch developing conception of the infinitive aspects of medicine since the very beginning, among which, the role of the regenerative medicine can on no account be denied, a branch of medicine dedicated to either repairing or replacing the injured or diseased cells, organs, and tissues. A novel means to accomplish such a quest is what is being called "medical biowaste", a large assortment of biological samples produced during a surgery session or as a result of physiological conditions and biological activities. The current paper accentuating several of a number of promising sources of biowaste together with their plausible applications in routine clinical practices and the confronting challenges aims at inspiring research on the existing gap between clinical and basic science to further extend our knowledge and understanding concerning the potential applications of medical biowaste.

Keywords: Benign tumours; Medical biowaste; Menstrual blood; Placenta; Regenerative medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Shows the characterisation of USC. It has been demonstrated that AQP1 in proximal tubules forms a highly permeable water-specific channel. KRT18 is a critical element of epithelial intermediate filament. USCs lack tumorigenesis phenotype due to the lack of teratoma formation when injected into immunodeficient in vivo models. Type I USCs partially express AQP1, NPHS1, SLC12A1, UMOD, and KRT18 and few are positive for AQP2. Type II USCs barely express SLC12A1 and UMOD and are negative for the other renal markers. i expressed both in type I USCs and type II USCs, ii expressed partially in type I USCs, iii negative in type I USCs, iv expressed partially in type II USCs, v negative in type II USCs. AQP1; protein aquaporin-1, AQP2; protein aquaporin-2, KLF4; Krüppel-like factor 4, KRT18; keratin 18, MHC-I; major histocompatibility complex I, NG2; neural/glial antigen 2, NR3C2; nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2, Oct3/4; octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4, PDGF-rβ; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, SLC12A1; solute carrier family 12 member 1, SOX2; SRY-box transcription factor 2, SSEA-4; stage-specific embryonic antigen 4, UMOD; uromodulin, Vim; vimentin, vWF; von Willebrand factor, α-SMA;α-smooth muscle actin
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Current standard six-part methodology conducted by stool banks. (A) Call for stool donors (B) Conduct an on-site screening and fill in an in-depth donor questionnaire (C) Manufacturing (D) random health status and vital signs checks (E) Fulfilment and (F) FMTmaterial quality and efficacy and patient safety
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Shows the embryonic-derived biowaste, including placenta, amniotic membrane, and amniotic fluid
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Illustrates the stem cells derived from the oral cavity
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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