Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Apr 28:10:20503121221095411.
doi: 10.1177/20503121221095411. eCollection 2022.

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

George Uchenna Eleje  1   2 , Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu  3 , Preye Owen Fiebai  4   5 , Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu  1   2 , Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba  6   7 , Olabisi Morebise Loto  8   9 , Hadiza Abdullahi Usman  10   11 , Ayyuba Rabiu  12   13 , Moriam Taiwo Chibuzor  14 , Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu  15 , Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu  16 , Chike Henry Nwankwo  17 , Stephen Okoroafor Kalu  18 , Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam Ogbuagu  19 , Shirley Nneka Chukwurah  20 , Chinwe Elizabeth Uzochukwu  21 , Ijeoma Chioma Oppah  5 , Aishat Ahmed  7 , Richard Obinwanne Egeonu  2 , Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku  22 , Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi  23 , Bukola Abimbola Adesoji  24 , Ubong Inyang Anyang  7 , Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye  22 , Ekene Agatha Emeka  25 , Odion Emmanuel Igue  26 , Ogbonna Dennis Okoro  27 , Prince Ogbonnia Aja  15 , Chiamaka Perpetua Chidozie  15 , Hadiza Sani Ibrahim  13 , Fatima Ele Aliyu  13 , Aisha Ismaila Numan  11 , Solace Amechi Omoruyi  5 , Osita Samuel Umeononihu  1   2 , Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro  2 , Ifeanyi Kingsley Nwaeju  2 , Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna  28 , Eric Okechukwu Umeh  29 , Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje  30 , Lydia Ijeoma Eleje  31 , Ifeoma Clara Ajuba  32 , David Chibuike Ikwuka  33 , Emeka Philip Igbodike  34 , Chisom God'swill Chigbo  35 , Uzoamaka Rufina Ebubedike  29 , Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor  2 , Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu  2 , Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai  12   13 , Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi  36 , Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu  1   2 ; Triplex Infection in Pregnancy Collaboration Group1–36
Affiliations
Review

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

George Uchenna Eleje et al. SAGE Open Med. .

Abstract

Objectives: To systematically review literature and identify mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria. PRISMA guidelines were employed. Searches were on 19 February 2021 in PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL on studies published from 1 February 2001 to 31 January 2021 using keywords: "MTCT," "dual infection," "triplex infection," "HIV," "HBV," and "HCV." Studies that reported mother-to-child transmission rate of at least any of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women and their infant pairs with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria irrespective of publication status or language were eligible. Data were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary mother-to-child transmission rates in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval. Protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020202070. The search identified 849 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 25 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 were included for meta-analysis. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled mother-to-child transmission rates were 2.74% (95% confidence interval: 2.48%-2.99%; 5863 participants; 15 studies) and 55.49% (95% confidence interval: 35.93%-75.04%; 433 participants; three studies), among mother-infant pairs with mono-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively, according to meta-analysis. Overall, the studies showed a moderate risk of bias. The pooled rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was 2.74% and hepatitis B virus was 55.49% among mother-infant pairs with mono-infection of HIV and hepatitis B virus, respectively. No data exists on rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus on mono-infection or mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among mother-infant pairs with dual or triplex infection of HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV in Nigeria.

Keywords: Hepatitis B; Nigeria; hepatitis C virus; human immunodeficiency virus; infectious diseases; mother-to-child transmission.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PubMed and Google Scholar search strategies.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
PRISMA flowchart.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Meta-analysis showing the pooled MTCT rate of HIV mono-infection in the included studies.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Meta-analysis showing the pooled MTCT rate of HBV mono-infection in the included studies.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Subgroup analysis according to regions in Nigeria.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Subgroup analysis according to year of publications.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Funnel plot showing the symmetry of the studies included for HIV mono-infection population.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Progress towards the start free, stay free, AIDS free targets 2020 report. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2020.
    1. Ezechi OC, Kalejaiye OO, Gab-Okafor CV, et al.. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B and C co-infection in pregnant Nigerian women living with HIV infection. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17: 197. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sherman KE, Rouster SD, Chung RT, et al.. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a cross-sectional analysis of the US adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(6): 831–837. - PubMed
    1. Soriano V, Barreiro P, Nuñez M. Management of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV-coinfected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 57(5): 815–818. - PubMed
    1. Sadoh AE, Sadoh WE, Iduoriyekemwen NJ. HIV co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses among Nigerian children in an antiretroviral treatment programme. S Afr J Child Health 2011; 5(1): 7–10.

LinkOut - more resources