Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Apr 1;11(2):361-366.
doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfac015. eCollection 2022 Apr.

PGI score: prospective validation and correlation with SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores for predicting outcomes in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning

A K Pannu  1 , L Jhuria  1 , A Bhalla  1 , N Sharma  1
Affiliations

PGI score: prospective validation and correlation with SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores for predicting outcomes in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning

A K Pannu et al. Toxicol Res (Camb). .

Abstract

Introduction: We recently derived a simplified 3-point PGI score (representing blood pH < 7.25, Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score < 13, and impaired systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 90 mm Hg), which accurately predicted in-hospital case fatality ratio (CFR) in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning. The present study aimed to validate the PGI score and compare it with Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II scores.

Patients and methods: We performed a prospective cohort study in adult patients with aluminum phosphide ingestion admitted in PGIMER, Chandigarh (India), from April 2013 to August 2014. A univariant analysis detected the association of various baseline variables with CFR. Correlation of the PGI score with SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores was performed using Spearman's correlation (rs , range -1 to +1) and scatter plots.

Results: Seventy-six patients were enrolled (mean age, 28.3 years; 41 males). CFR was 60.5%. PGI score variables-pH, GCS, and impaired SBP predicted CFR (P-value <0.001). Among patients with a total PGI score of 3 or 2, 100% died, compared with 50% in score 1 and 10.7% in score 0. Baseline PGI, SOFA, SAPS-II, and APACHE-II scores predicted CFR (P-value <0.001). There was a positive correlation between the PGI score and SOFA score (rs , 0.855), SAPS-II score (rs , 0.861), and APACHE-II score (rs , 0.883). The P-value for all rs values was <0.001.

Conclusion: The PGI score is a validated toxidrome-specific and simplified risk-stratification tool. Validation in other populations is warranted to confirm its routine use.

Keywords: APACHE-II; PGI; SAPS-II; SOFA; aluminum phosphide; case fatality ratio; predicting tool; prognosis; scoring system.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scatter plot of change in PGI scores against SOFA scores.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scatter plot of change in PGI scores against SAPS-II scores.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Scatter plot of change in PGI scores against APACHE-II scores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Anbalagan LC, Arora N, Pannu AK. Management of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning: has anything changed? Drug Metab Lett. 2021:14(2):106–116. - PubMed
    1. Pannu AK, Bhalla A, Vishnu RI, Garg S, Dhibar DP, Sharma N, Vijayvergiya R. Cardiac injury in organophosphate poisoning after acute ingestion. Toxicol Res (Camb). 2021:10(3):446–452. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sulaj Z, Drishti A, Çeko I, Gashi A, Vyshka G. Fatal aluminum phosphide poisonings in Tirana (Albania), 2009-2013. Daru. 2015:23(1):8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sharma A, Dishant GV, Kaushik JS, Mittal K. Aluminum phosphide (celphos) poisoning in children: a 5-year experience in a tertiary care hospital from northern India. Indian. J Crit Care Med. 2014:18(1):33–36. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Shadnia S, Sasanian G, Allami P, Hosseini A, Ranjbar A, Amini-Shirazi N, Abdollahi M. A retrospective 7-years study of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Tehran: opportunities for prevention. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2009:28(4):209–213. - PubMed