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. 2020 May 6;10(30):17642-17652.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra11000c. eCollection 2020 May 5.

Selective modification of Ti6Al4V surfaces for biomedical applications

Gabriela Melo Rodriguez  1 , James Bowen  2 , Mischa Zelzer  3 , Artemis Stamboulis  1
Affiliations

Selective modification of Ti6Al4V surfaces for biomedical applications

Gabriela Melo Rodriguez et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

The surface of a medical implant is required to interact favourably with ions, biomolecules and cells in vivo, commonly resulting in the formation of the extracellular matrix. Medical grade Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in orthopaedic and dental applications for bone replacement due to its advantageous mechanical properties and biocompatibility, which enhances the adhesion between native tissue and the implanted material. In this study, chemical and thermal modification of a medical-grade Ti6Al4V alloy were performed to enhance electrostatic interactions at the alloy surface with a synthetic peptide, suitable for conferring drug release capabilities and antimicrobial properties. The modified surfaces exhibited a range of topographies and chemical compositions depending primarily on the treatment temperature. The surface wetting behaviour was found to be pH-dependent, as were the adhesive properties, evidenced by chemical force titration atomic force microscopy.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Description of measured forces in the force–distance curves obtained by AFM. In red, the approach curve and in blue, the retract curve. Frep is the repulsion force, FJT is the jump to force, and FPO is the pull-off force.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. SEM micrographs of polished Ti6Al4V(MPT), thermally oxidised Ti6Al4V surfaces (TO500°C, TO600°C, TO700°C, TO800°C), H2O2/HCl chemically treated Ti6Al4V (TGL), and both chemically treated and thermally oxidised Ti6Al4V (TGL-TO500°C, TGL-TO600°C, TGL-TO700°C, TGL-TO800°C).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. SEM micrograph of TGL Ti6Al4V modified surface.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. XRD diffractograms for MPT and TO Ti6Al4V modified surfaces, α-Ti (JCPDS no. 44-1294), β-Ti (JCPDS no. 44-1288), anatase (JCPDS no. 21-1272) and rutile (JCPDS no. 21-1276).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. XRD diffractograms for TGL and TGL-TO Ti6Al4V modified surfaces, α Ti (JCPDS no. 44-1294), β Ti (JCPDS no. 44-1288), anatase (JCPDS no. 21-1272) and rutile (JCPDS no. 21-1276).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Raman spectra for anatase, rutile and TO Ti6Al4V modified surfaces.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Raman spectra for anatase, rutile and TGL-TO Ti6Al4V modified surfaces.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. High-resolution XPS spectra of the Ti 2p peak obtained from the treated and untreated Ti6Al4V surfaces. All four oxidation states were included in the fitting for all spectra; their peak positions are indicated above the spectra. Red circles: experimental data; black line: envelope; yellow: baseline; blue: Ti(iv); purple: Ti(iii); green: Ti(ii); orange: Ti(0).
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Measurements of (a) θa, (b) Frep, (c) FJT and (d) FPO force distance curves of MPT Ti6Al4V modified surface in the presence of acidic and alkaline solutions at pH 3, 5, 7 and 9.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. θ a of TGL and TGL-TO500°C Ti6Al4V modified surfaces at pH 3, 5, 7 and 9.
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