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. 2022 Apr;11(4):1314-1321.
doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1189_21. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Evolution of the pandemic: Analysis of demographic characteristics of COVID-19-infected patients during its two waves in Gwalior district of central India

Durgesh Shukla  1 , Sumit Singh Bhadoria  1 , Manoj Bansal  1 , Richa Changulani  1
Affiliations

Evolution of the pandemic: Analysis of demographic characteristics of COVID-19-infected patients during its two waves in Gwalior district of central India

Durgesh Shukla et al. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Studies of pandemics in past centuries have suggested that the second wave was always more lethal and devastating as compared to the first wave. Regarding coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic also, various speculations were made that during the second wave virus changes its nature either for age structure, gender or rural-urban differential. Present study was aimed to compare the demographic and mortality profile of COVID-19 patients during the two waves.

Materials and methods: A total of 51,425 individuals with 16,538 cases from first wave and 34,887 cases from the second wave were included in the study. Frequency, percentage, case fatality rate (CFR) and OR (95% CI) were calculated. Level of significance was considered at 5%.

Results: Maximum cases were observed in the age group 21-30 years (23.7%). During the first wave, 29.5% females were infected while during the second wave 38.5% females were infected. Infection in rural areas increased to 5.7% as compared to 4.8% in the first wave. Among the females, CFR increased to 37% in second wave which was 25.2% in the first wave. Disease load was at its peak in the month of April 2021.

Conclusion: During the second wave, infection rate and mortality were higher in females and patients residing in rural areas showing extension of community spread. Patients with age above 50 years succumbed more. Occurrence of more than two-fifth of the cases in a single month (April 2021) shows a need for better planning for the supposed third wave to tackle any unwanted situation.

Keywords: Age; case fatality rate (CFR); first wave; pandemic wave; second wave.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Showing age and sex wise distribution of COVID-19 cases
Figure 2
Figure 2
Showing monthly distribution of COVID-19 cases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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