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. 2020 Dec 11;10(72):44034-44049.
doi: 10.1039/d0ra08831e. eCollection 2020 Dec 9.

Construction of magnetic MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 ternary nanocomposite supported on NaY zeolite and highly efficient sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Meysam Sadeghi  1 , Saeed Farhadi  1 , Abedin Zabardasti  1
Affiliations

Construction of magnetic MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 ternary nanocomposite supported on NaY zeolite and highly efficient sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Meysam Sadeghi et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

In this work, the novel magnetically separable NaY zeolite/MgFe2O4/CdS nanorods/MoS2 nanoflowers nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through the ultrasonic-assisted solvothermal approach. FESEM, EDAX, XRD, FTIR, TEM, AFM, VSM, N2-BET, UV-vis DRS and PL were utilized to identify the as-synthesized nanocomposite. Subsequently, the sonocatalytic activity of this nanocomposite was assessed in the degradation of organic dyes, including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) from water solutions for the first time. Several analytical parameters like irradiation time, process type, initial MB concentration, H2O2 concentration, catalyst dosage, organic dye type, and US power have been systematically investigated to attain the maximum sonocatalytic yield. Regarding the acquired data, the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs sonocatalyst was incredibly able to completely eliminate the MB via engaging the US/H2O2 system. The kinetic evaluates demonstrated the sonodegradation reactions of the MB followed a first-order model. The apparent rate constant (k app) and half-life time (t 1/2) acquired for the sonodegradation process of MB utilizing the US/H2O2/NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs system were measured to be 1.162 min and 0.596 min-1, respectively. The free ˙OH radicals were also recognized as the main reactive oxygen species in the MB sonodegradation process under US irradiation. In addition, the outcomes of the recyclability study of the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs sonocatalytic clearly displayed a less than 6% drop of the catalytic activity in up to four sequential runs. Lastly, a plausible mechanism for the sonodegradation reaction of organic dyes was suggested and discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. FESEM images of: (a) and (b) bare NaY, (c) and (d) NaY/MgFe2O4, (e) and (f) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2, (g) and (h) bare CdS, (i) and (j) bare MoS2, and (k) and (l) bare MgFe2O4.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. EDAX analyses of: (a) bare NaY, (b) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2, (c) bare MoS2, and (d) bare CdS. (e) FESEM image along with the EDAX elemental dot-mappings of the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of: (a) bare NaY, (b) NaY/CdS/MoS2, (c) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2, (d) bare CdS NRs, and (e) bare MgFe2O4.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. XRD patterns of: (a) bare NaY, (b) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2, (c) MgFe2O4/CdS, (d) bare MoS2, (e) bare CdS NRs, and (f) bare MgFe2O4.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. TEM images of the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. VSM analysis plots of: (a) bare MgFe2O4 NPs and (b) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs at room temperature.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. (a–d) N2-BET analyses of the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. (a) UV-vis DRS spectra and (b) (αhv)2–hv plots of the as-fabricated catalysts.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. (a) and (b) UV-vis absorption spectra changes of the sonocatalytic degradation of MB over the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs at different irradiation times. (c) First order kinetic plot of ln(C0/Ct) versus irradiation time under the optimal conditions ([MB]o: 25 mg L−1, 50 mL, [H2O2]o: 4 mM, 2 mL, NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs dosage: 10 mg, US power: 100 W, pH = 7 at room temperature).
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. The effects of: (a) initial MB concentrations and (b) initial H2O2 concentration on the sonocatalytic degradation of MB by the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs nanocomposite.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. UV-vis absorption spectra changes of: (a) RhB, and (b) MO organic dyes. (c) Plot of the degradation efficiency% versus the irradiation time in the presence of NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs catalyst.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12. The effects of: (a) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs dosage, (b) US power and (c) recyclability of the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS NRs/MoS2 NFs catalyst on the sonocatalytic degradation of MB.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13. A plausible mechanism for the sonodegradation reaction of organic dyes applying the US/H2O2/NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 system from water media under US irradiation.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14. (a) PL emission spectra of: (i) bare CdS, (ii) MgFe2O4/CdS and (iii) NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2, (b) the effect of scavenger type over the sonodegradation reaction of MB utilizing the NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 nanocomposite, and (c) PL emission spectra of TPA in the presence of NaY/MgFe2O4/CdS/MoS2 sonocatalyst under US irradiation.
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