Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022

Abstract

The American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022" is a summary document regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This 2022 update provides summary tables of ten things to know about 10 CVD risk factors and builds upon the foundation of prior annual versions of "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors" published since 2020. This 2022 version provides the perspective of ASPC members and includes updated sentinel references (i.e., applicable guidelines and select reviews) for each CVD risk factor section. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful dietary intake, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, pre-diabetes/diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences), thrombosis (with smoking as a potential contributor to thrombosis), kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. Other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the ASPC "Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors - 2022" to provide a tabular overview of things to know about ten of the most common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology and provide ready access to applicable guidelines and sentinel reviews.

Keywords: Adiposopathy; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Diabetes; Genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia; Glucose; Kidneys; Lipids; Nutrition; Obesity; Physical activity; Preventive cardiology; Sex; Smoking; Thrombosis.

Figure 1

Adoption of healthful nutrition is a shared decision process between clinician and patient, with priorities based upon evidence-based dietary patterns, nutrition goals, cultural applicability, cost, and availability. While potentially counterintuive, patient preference is not consistently associated with improved health outcomes when implemeting medical nutrition therapy , , . Healthful food choices made after medical nutrition therapy may differ from “preferred” food choices made before medical nutrition therapy.