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. 2019 Jan 9;9(3):1199-1207.
doi: 10.1039/c8ra09483g.

Preparation of a novel fracturing fluid with good heat and shear resistance

Yang Zhang  1 , Jincheng Mao  1 , Tao Xu  1 , Zhaoyang Zhang  1 , Bo Yang  1 , Jinhua Mao  1 , Xiaojiang Yang  1
Affiliations

Preparation of a novel fracturing fluid with good heat and shear resistance

Yang Zhang et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

A new terpolymer (MAS-1) was created by copolymerizing acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and 4-isopropenylcarbamoyl-benzene sulfonic acid (AMBS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested that MAS-1 has better heat resistance and meets the requirements for a fracturing fluid at 200 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conductivity tests showed that MAS-1 has good water solubility. The viscosity of the fracturing fluids containing MAS-1 was found to be about 135 mPa s after 120 min at 170 s-1 and 150 °C. SEM images and the determination of viscoelasticity showed that MAS-1 has a dense and robust spatial network structure in the fracturing fluid. The sedimentation velocity of the proppant was 0.0528 cm min-1 at 90 °C. When enough ammonium persulfate was added to yield approximately 0.10 wt%, the viscosity of the broken fluid was 4.5 mPa s, and the gel broken fluid was transparent without visible residue. In addition, the fracturing fluid did little damage to the reservoir. The drag reduction rate of MAS-1 was always higher than KYPAM-6A and HPAM with the shear rate ranging from 1000 s-1 to 7000 s-1. Therefore, this fracturing fluid could be an alternative for low permeability reservoir stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Synthesis of MAS-1.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Effects of synthetic factors on the solution viscosity of MAS-1.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. The FT-IR spectrum of MAS-1.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The 1H NMR spectrum of MAS-1.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. TGA and DTG of MAS-1.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. XRD of MAS-1.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Curves of conductivity changes in the dissolution process of MAS-1.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Effect of the shear rate on the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Fitting curves of the three models.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Rheological properties of 0.3 wt% MAS-1 with 0.8 wt% Zr-CL fracturing fluid at 150 °C, 170 s−1.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. Crosslinking mechanism diagram of MAS-1 & Zr-CL.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. The stress scanning curve of the fracturing fluid.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12. The frequency scanning curve of the fracturing fluid.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13. SEM images of the aggregation state of the different fluids. (a) 0.3 wt% MAS-1, (b) 0.3 wt% MAS-1 + 0.8 wt% Zr-CL.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14. Static settlement curve of the fracturing fluid at different temperatures.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15. The variation of drag reduction rate with shear rate.
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