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. 2019 Apr 12;9(20):11589-11594.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra00200f. eCollection 2019 Apr 9.

One-dimensional facile growth of MAPbI3 perovskite micro-rods

Arti Mishra  1 , Zubair Ahmad  2 , Farid Touati  1 , R A Shakoor  2 , Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin  3
Affiliations

One-dimensional facile growth of MAPbI3 perovskite micro-rods

Arti Mishra et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

One-dimensional microrods (4-5 mm) of PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with unique structural and morphological properties have been grown at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both types of micro-rods exhibit a hexagonal system (P3̄m1(164) space group) with 2H polytype structures. In the case of PbI2, the atomic composition of the microcrystals indicates the formation of pure phases of PbI2, however, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of MAPbI3 indicates the existence of intermediate phases due to the addition of MAI. FTIR results reveal the existence of a strong interaction between C-H and N-H groups in the crystals which has been cross validated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the crack free morphology of PbI2 and MAPbI3 micro-rods with a porous structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show that the addition of MAI in the PbI2 reduced the weight loss and the decomposition temperature has been increased by 1.5 °C as well. The growth of these unique one-dimensional micro-rods signifies a novel concept in perovskite synthesis for solar cells and optoelectronic applications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. SEM image and photos of the PbI2 crystals grown in the DMF solution.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. FESEM images of the PbI2 and MAPbI3 the micro-rods taken at different magnification. (a–c) represents the PbI2 while the (d–f) denotes the MAPbI3.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. EDS spectra of the micro-rods: PbI2 and MAPbI3.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. TEM images for crystal rods PbI2 (a), MAPbI3 (b), insets shows higher magnification images of same surface.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Diffraction patterns of PbI2 powder, PbI2 crystals and MAPbI3 micro crystalline rods recorded at room temperature. (a) PbI2 crystal (yellow data points) and PbI2 powder (black line). (b) MAPbI3 crystal (magenta data points) and PbI2 powder (black line).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. FTIR spectra of PbI2 and MAPbI3 micro-rods: (a) 500–3500 cm−1 and (b) 1100–1500 cm−1.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Raman spectra of PbI2, and MAPbI3 one dimensional micro-rods.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. TGA heating curves of individual crystals expressed as (a) weight% and its (b) derivatives as a function of applied temperature. Inset shows the DSC heating curves for the PbI2 and MAPbI3 micro-rods.
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