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. 2020 Jun 19;10(39):23417-23430.
doi: 10.1039/d0ra02960b. eCollection 2020 Jun 16.

Chitosan/MCM-48 nanocomposite as a potential adsorbent for removing phenol from aqueous solution

Mahmoud Fathy  1 , Hanaa Selim  2 , Abeer E L Shahawy  3
Affiliations

Chitosan/MCM-48 nanocomposite as a potential adsorbent for removing phenol from aqueous solution

Mahmoud Fathy et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

A new hybrid mesoporous nanocomposite (CMCM-48) based on chitosan and silica MCM-48 was considered as a potential adsorbent for removing phenol from aqueous solutions (toxic liquid waste) in a batch process. The new composite adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The adsorption isotherm studies were analyzed using linear and nonlinear Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models for the optimum conditions when the initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorption temperature and time were 10-500 mg L-1, 3-10, 25.5 °C and 300 min, respectively. It was revealed that the experimental results agree well with the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, i.e. the correlation coefficient R 2 was 0.983085. The adsorption kinetics was modeled with linear and nonlinear pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudo-second-order model was the best for describing the adsorption process with a correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.99925. The stability of the equilibrium data was studied for a phenol sorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg g-1. The results verified that the synthesized CMCM-48 was an efficient adsorbent for removing phenol from aqueous solutions.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra and XRD analysis of the synthesized MCM-48 (A), CMCM-48 (B) and (C) chitosan.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. SEM micrograph and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of CMCM-48 nanocomposite.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Effect of pH on the adsorption of phenol onto CMCM-48 (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, contact time = 120 min, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Effect of temperature on removal on phenol% (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. The variation of adsorption with time at different initial phenol concentrations (the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Effect of adsorbent dose on removal efficiency of pollutants by CMCM-48 (contact time = 120 min, pH = 4, pollutants concentration = 500 mg L−1).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm of phenol on CMCM-48 at 25.5 °C.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Freundlich adsorption isotherm of phenol onto CMCM-48 at 25.5 °C.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm of phenol onto CMCM-48 at 25.5 °C.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. Nonlinear plot of adsorption isotherm models for phenol adsorption onto CMCM-48 nanocomposite.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. Pseudo-first-order kinetics for adsorption of phenol onto CMCM-48 (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
Fig. 12
Fig. 12. Pseudo-second-order kinetics for adsorption of phenol onto CMCM-48 (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
Fig. 13
Fig. 13. Intra-particle diffusion plot for phenol adsorption at 25.5 °C on CMCM-48 for various initial concentrations of phenol.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14. (a) Nonlinear adsorption kinetics of phenol on the CMCM-48 nanocomposite (initial concentration = 50 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C), (b) nonlinear adsorption kinetics of phenol on the CMCM-48 nanocomposite (initial concentration = 125 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C), (c) nonlinear adsorption kinetics of phenol on the CMCM-48 nanocomposite (initial concentration = 250 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C), (d) nonlinear adsorption kinetics of phenol on the CMCM-48 nanocomposite (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
Fig. 15
Fig. 15. Reuse effect ofCMCM-48 for the adsorption of phenol (initial concentration = 500 mg L−1, contact time = 120 min, the adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g, temperature = 25.5 °C).
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