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. 2022 Apr 26:2022:6721937.
doi: 10.1155/2022/6721937. eCollection 2022.

Comparison of the Saponins in Three Processed American Ginseng Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Na Guo  1 , Yuxin Bai  2 , Xin Huang  1 , Xiaokang Liu  2 , Guangzhi Cai  2 , Shuying Liu  1 , Yunlong Guo  1 , Jiyu Gong  2
Affiliations

Comparison of the Saponins in Three Processed American Ginseng Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Na Guo et al. Int J Anal Chem. .

Abstract

A method with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was applied for the quality evaluation of different processing and drying of American ginseng, including natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD). A total of 51 saponins were successfully identified in three processed products. Three processed American ginseng products were well-differentiated in orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The S-plot also identified the marker compounds in each product, while the major ginsenosides of ND (malonyl (M)-Rd, M-Rb1, Rg1), SD (20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg2), and VFD (M-Rd, M-Rb1) were found. The results indicate that the method by vacuum freeze-drying can retain the content of rare ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides. The marker compounds selected will benefit the holistic evaluation of related American ginseng products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The scheme of American ginseng products: natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Base peak chromatogram of American ginseng of natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) in the negative ion mode.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The MS/MS spectrum of ginsenosides in the negative ion mode: (a) Rg1; (b) Rb1; (c) Ro; (d) M-Rb1; (e) PF11.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The OPLS-DA/S-plot of ND vs. SD, ND vs. VFD, and SD vs. VFD.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The heat map visualizes the intensities of the 22 ginsenosides datasets from ND, SD, and VFD (n = 10).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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