Cardiovascular and risk factor evaluation of healthy American adults. A statement for physicians by an Ad Hoc Committee appointed by the Steering Committee, American Heart Association

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in American adults. The chief form of cardiovascular disease is coronary heart disease (CHD). Prevention of CHD depends on the identification of risk factors in asymptomatic individuals. The American Heart Association recommends that all adults be examined periodically for the presence of silent cardiovascular disease and coronary risk factors. The major risk factors for CHD are smoking, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol. Additional factors associated with CHD are high blood triglycerides, reduced levels of high-density lipoproteins, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and certain behavioral characteristics. Available data suggest that the predominance of CHD among Americans can be attributed to these risk factors, and increasing evidence indicates that appropriate modification of these factors will markedly reduce coronary risk. The purpose of this report is to identify the risk factors, indicate their relation to coronary disease, and recommend an approach to their detection in adults during periodic health examinations.