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. 2022 May 7;22(1):438.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07412-4.

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

Chakib Nejjari  1 , Youness El Achhab  2   3 , Amina Benaouda  4 , Chakib Abdelfattah  5
Affiliations

Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review

Chakib Nejjari et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of great importance due to the frequency of strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. This review, using a public health focused approach, which aims to understand and describe the current status of AMR in Morocco in relation to WHO priority pathogens and treatment guidelines.

Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Databases and grey literature are searched published articles on antimicrobial drug resistance data for GLASS priority pathogens isolated from Morocco between January 2011 and December 2021. Articles are screened using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. AMR data is extracted with medians and IQR of resistance rates.

Results: Forty-nine articles are included in the final analysis. The most reported bacterium is Escherichia coli with median resistance rates of 90.9%, 64.0%, and 56.0%, for amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and co-trimoxazole, respectively. Colistin had the lowest median resistance with 0.1%. A median resistance of 63.0% is calculated for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in Klebsiella pneumonia. Imipenem resistance with a median of 74.5% is reported for Acinetobacter baumannii. AMR data for Streptococcus pneumonie does not exceed 50.0% as a median.

Conclusions: Whilst resistance rates are high for most of GLASS pathogens, there are deficient data to draw vigorous conclusions about the current status AMR in Morocco. The recently join to the GLASS system surveillance will begin to address this data gap.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Bacteria; Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system; Morocco; Scoping review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the search results and selection of the included studies
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
AMR profile of E. coli in the form of median resistance with interquartile range. AK Amikacin, AMX-C Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AMX amoxicillin, Carb Carbapenems, CRO Ceftriaxone, CTX Cefotaxime, CAZ Ceftazidime, CFX Cefoxitin, Cs Colistin, Fluorq Fluoroquinolones, GN Gentamicin, NA Nalidixic acid, SXT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
AMR profile of K. pneumonia in the form of median resistance with interquartile range. AK Amikacin, AMX-C Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AMX amoxicillin, Carb Carbapenems, CRO Ceftriaxone, CTX Cefotaxime, CAZ Ceftazidime, CFX Cefoxitin, Cs Colistin, Fluorq Fluoroquinolones, GN Gentamicin, NA Nalidixic acid, SXT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
AMR profile of A. baumannii in the form of median resistance with interquartile range. AMX-C Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, SXT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
AMR profile of St. pneumonie in the form of median resistance with interquartile range. SXT Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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