Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct-Dec;14(4):465-470.
doi: 10.4103/apc.apc_19_21. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators of body fat in identifying hypertension in adolescents

Danladi Ibrahim Musa  1 , Olufumilola Leah Dominic  2
Affiliations

Predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators of body fat in identifying hypertension in adolescents

Danladi Ibrahim Musa et al. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2021 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem affecting different populations including adolescents worldwide, and it is strongly associated with obesity.

Objectives: This study examined the predictive capacity of anthropometric proxies of body fat and determined the threshold values that would identify HTN among Nigerian adolescents.

Setting and design: A cross-sectional study with a total of 2228 in-school adolescents aged 12-16 years.

Materials and methods: Participants were evaluated for physical characteristics including five anthropometric indices of body fat and blood pressure. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used for the analysis of sensitivity, specificity, area under curve (AUC) of the fat indices in detecting HTN.

Results: All body fat indicators with the exception of waist-to-height ratio in boys, had significant (P < 0.0005) AUC with total fat mass (TFM) in girls and waist circumference (WC) in boys as the best fat indicators for predicting systolic HTN in adolescents. The TFM cut-point for girls was 8.0 kg and the WC cut-point for boys was 66.3 cm. Both TFM and WC demonstrated a stronger association with systolic HTN than other fat indicators in both genders. The likelihood of a girl developing HTN is 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.05-1.20) times with a unit increase in TFM, while boys with unhealthy WC had 3.2 (95% CI = 1.83-5.67) times odd of developing HTN compared to their healthy peers.

Conclusions: This study showed that TFM and WC are useful tools for detecting HTN in Nigerian adolescent girls and boys, respectively. The fat indicators used in this study generally showed low predictive capacity.

Keywords: Adiposity; adolescents; anthropometry; hypertension; receiver operating characteristic curves.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of hypertension among participants
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of overweight by different body fat indicators Cut-off points: Body mass index = 95th percentile; Percent body fat = 95th percentile; Waist circumference = 90th percentile; Waist-to-height-ratio = 0.50
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. WHO. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. [Last accessed on 2019 Jan 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/overview .
    1. Gidding SS. Cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent: Current treatment options. Cardiovas Med. 2006;8:269–75. - PubMed
    1. Ejike CE. Prevalence of hypertension in Nigerian children and adolescents: A systematic review and trend analysis of data from the past four decades. J Trop Pediatr. 2017;63:229–41. - PubMed
    1. Chiolero A, Bovet P, Paradis G. Screening for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents: A critical appraisal. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167:266–73. - PubMed
    1. Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA. Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Hypertension. 2007;50:1012–8. - PubMed