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. 2022 Apr 20:16:835922.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.835922. eCollection 2022.

A Comparison Study of Impulsiveness, Cognitive Function, and P300 Components Between Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate and Heroin-Addicted Patients: Preliminary Findings

Tingting Zeng  1 , Shida Li  2 , Li Wu  3 , Zuxing Feng  1 , Xinxin Fan  1 , Jing Yuan  1 , Xin Wang  1 , Junyu Meng  1 , Huan Ma  1 , Guanyong Zeng  2 , Chuanyuan Kang  4 , Jianzhong Yang  1
Affiliations

A Comparison Study of Impulsiveness, Cognitive Function, and P300 Components Between Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate and Heroin-Addicted Patients: Preliminary Findings

Tingting Zeng et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare impulsiveness, negative emotion, cognitive function, and P300 components among gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-addicted patients, heroin-dependent patients, and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) subjects.

Methods: A total of 48 men including 17 GHB addicts, 16 heroin addicts, 15 MMT subjects, and 15 male mentally healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All subjects were evaluated for symptoms of depression, anxiety, impulsiveness, and cognitive function through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version II (BIS-II), the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (BJ-MoCA), the behavioral test (response time), and event-related potential P300 detection.

Results: (1) The mean scores of BIS-II in the GHB addiction group, heroin dependence group, and MMT group were significantly higher than those of the HC group (F = 30.339, P = 0.000). (2) The total scores of BJ-MOCA in GHB addiction group was the worst among the four groups, followed by heroin addiction, MMT group and HC group (F = 27.880, P = 0.000). (3) The response time in the GHB addiction group was the longest among the four groups, followed by the heroin addiction, MMT, and HC groups (F = 150.499, P = 0.000). (4) The amplitude and latency of P300 in GHB addiction subjects were significantly lower and longer than those of the MMT group and the HC group. (5) For the three types of addiction, the P300 amplitudes at Fz, Cz, Pz, T5, and T6 were negatively correlated with the scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9, and BIS-II; the P300 latencies were positively correlated with the response time and negatively correlated with the scores of the BJ-MoCA.

Conclusion: People with an addiction were likely to have increased impulsiveness. The cognitive function of the GHB and heroin-addicted subjects, including the heroin detoxification and the MMT groups, was severely impaired, especially for the GHB-addicted patients. The impairment manifested as abnormalities of BJ-MoCA, response time, and P300 components.

Keywords: P300 components; cognitive function; gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) addiction; heroin dependence; impulsiveness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
P300 topographic maps. Scalp topographic maps depicting mean P300 amplitudes around the mean latency ±50 milliseconds for target stimuli of GHB addiction, heroin dependence, MMT and HC group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
P300 waveforms. Difference waveforms for target stimuli of GHB addiction, heroin dependence, MMT and HC group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Means and standard deviation scores by groups. Group means and standard deviation (M ± SD) for P300 amplitudes (left); group means and standard deviation (M ± SD) for P300 latencies (right).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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