Simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and label-free lincomycin detection by using HAuCl4 and NaOH

Abstract

A simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and label-free method is presented for the colorimetric determination of lincomycin (Lin) by using HAuCl₄ and NaOH. Upon the addition of Lin, the mixture of HAuCl₄ and NaOH shows a color change from colorless to blue (or dark blue). The limit of colorimetric detection is as low as 1 μM, observed both in Milli-Q water and real samples. The selectivity of Lin detection is excellent compared with 9 other common antibiotics. On the basis of the "three-color" principle of Thomas Young, we extracted the red, green and blue (RGB) alterations of the sensor in the absence and presence of different concentrations of Lin. The color changes are quantitatively illustrated by the total Euclidean distances (EDs = [ΔR² + ΔG² + ΔB²]^1/2). The good linear relationship between the EDs and Lin concentration is used for the quantitative assay of Lin. The developed method demonstrates great potential for the detection of Lin in environmental water and milk.

Fig. 1. (A) Color images of the sensing solution exposure to different concentrations of Lin. (B) The total EDs versus different concentrations of Lin. (The concentrations of Lin are 0, 1, 2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μM).

Fig. 2. (A) Color photographs and (B) EDs data of the sensing solution with representative antibiotics (Ci, En, Su, Er, Ce, Lin, Ch, Sp, Am and Ge). The concentrations of the antibiotics are 20 μM.

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the sensing procedure for colorimetric detection of Lin based on the different coordination interaction of Au and ligands.

Fig. 4. (A) Color images of the sensing solution exposure to different concentrations of Lin in real sample. (B) The corresponding EDs versus different concentrations of Lin. (The concentrations of Lin are 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μM).