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. 2019 Oct 28;9(60):34691-34698.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra02161b.

A bromine-catalysis-synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphitic carbon nitride electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ion determination

Wei Wu  1   2 , Ahmat Ali  1   2 , Ruxangul Jamal  1   2 , Mihray Abdulla  1   2 , Tursunnisahan Bakri  1   2 , Tursun Abdiryim  1   2
Affiliations

A bromine-catalysis-synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphitic carbon nitride electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ion determination

Wei Wu et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

In this paper, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphitic carbon nitride (PEDOT/g-C3N4) composites were prepared by the bromine catalysed polymerization (BCP) method with varying weight ratios of monomer to g-C3N4. For comparison, solid-state polymerization (SSP) and metal oxidative polymerization (MOP) methods were also used for the synthesis of PEDOT/g-C3N4 composites. Electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions (Cd2+ and Pb2+) was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on composite-modified glass carbon electrodes (GCEs), which were prepared by different methods. The obtained composites were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the bromine catalysed polymerization (BCP) method is an effective way to prepare the PEDOT/g-C3N4 composite, and the combination of PEDOT with g-C3N4 can improve the electrochemical activity of electrode materials. And, the composite from the BCP method modified electrode (PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4/GCE) exhibited the widest linear responses for Cd2+ and Pb2+, ranging from 0.06-12 μM and 0.04-11.6 μM with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.0014 μM and 0.00421 μM, respectively.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of (a) PEDOT (BCP) and PEDOT/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with different weight percentages of g-C3N4 (b) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 prepared by different polymerization methods.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. UV-vis spectra of (a) PEDOT (BCP) and PEDOT/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with different weight percentages of g-C3N4 (b) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 prepared by different polymerization methods.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The XRD patterns of FTIR spectra of (a) PEDOT (BCP) and PEDOT/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with different weight percentages of g-C3N4 (b) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 prepared by different polymerization methods.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. EDS of (a) PEDOT (BCP), (b) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (BCP), (c) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (SSP), (d) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (MOP).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. SEM images of (a) g-C3N4 (b) PEDOT (BCP), (c) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (BCP), (d) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (SSP), (e) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (MOP).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. CV measured with g-C3N4, PEDOT (BCP), PEDOT/g-C3N4 composite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in a solution of 5 mM Fe(CN)63−/4− containing 0.1 M KCl. (a) PEDOT/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with different weight percentages of g-C3N4 (b) PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 prepared by different polymerization methods.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. DPV response of the PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (BCP) composite-modified GCE for the individual analysis of (a) Cd2+ (b) Pb2+. The inset shows their linear equations as well as correlation coefficient.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. (a) DPV response of the PEDOT/10 wt% g-C3N4 (BCP) composite-modified GCE for the simultaneous analysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ (b) the respective calibration curves of Cd2+ and Pb2+.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Schematic illustration for the electrochemical determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by PEDOT/g-C3N4 composite (BCP).
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