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. 2022 Apr;29(4):2582-2590.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.036. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Novel strategies of essential oils, chitosan, and nano- chitosan for inhibition of multi-drug resistant: E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes

Hoda R A El-Zehery  1 , Rashed A Zaghloul  1 , Hany M Abdel-Rahman  1 , Ahmed A Salem  1 , K A El-Dougdoug  2
Affiliations

Novel strategies of essential oils, chitosan, and nano- chitosan for inhibition of multi-drug resistant: E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes

Hoda R A El-Zehery et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Despite the wide range of available antibiotics, food borne bacteria demonstrate a huge spectrum of resistance. The current study aims to use natural components such as essential oils (EOs), chitosan, and nano-chitosan that have very influential antibacterial properties with novel technologies like chitosan solution/film loaded with EOs against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and three strains of Listeria monocytogenes were used to estimate antibiotics resistance. Ten EOs and their mixture, chitosan, nano-chitosan, chitosan plus EO solutions, and biodegradable chitosan film enriched with EOs were tested as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacterial strains. Results showed that E. coli O157:H7 51,659 and L. monocytogenes 19,116 relatively exhibited considerable resistance to more than one single antibiotic. Turmeric, cumin, pepper black, and marjoram did not show any inhibition zone against L. monocytogenes; Whereas, clove, thyme, cinnamon, and garlic EOs exhibited high antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250-400 μl 100-1 ml and against E. coli O157:H7 with an MIC of 350-500 μl 100-1 ml, respectively. Among combinations, clove, and thyme EOs showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 with MIC of 170 μl 100-1 ml, and the combination of cinnamon and clove EOs showed the strongest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes with an MIC of 120 μl 100-1 ml. Both chitosan and nano-chitosan showed a promising potential as an antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria as their MICs were relatively lower against L. monocytogenes than for E. coli O157:H7. Chitosan combined with each of cinnamon, clove, and thyme oil have a more effective antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 than the mixture of oils alone. Furthermore, the use of either chitosan solution or biodegradable chitosan film loaded with a combination of clove and thyme EOs had the strongest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7. However, chitosan film without EOs did not exhibit an inhibition zone against the tested bacterial strains.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Chitosan; Edible films; Essential oils; Foodborne pathogen; Nano-chitosan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Further Reading

    1. Baron E.J., Peterson L.R., Finegold S.M. 9th ed. Mosby; St. Louis: 1994. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology.
    1. Kraemer S.A., Ramachandran A., Perron G.G. Antibiotic pollution in the environment: From microbial ecology to public policy. Microorganisms. 2019;7:1–24. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7060180. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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