Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep;188(9):2637-2641.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62770. Epub 2022 May 9.

Single-center real-life experience with testosterone treatment in adult men with Prader-Willi syndrome

Brendan J Nolan  1   2 , Joseph Proietto  1   2 , Priya Sumithran  2   3
Affiliations

Single-center real-life experience with testosterone treatment in adult men with Prader-Willi syndrome

Brendan J Nolan et al. Am J Med Genet A. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Hypogonadism is the most frequent hormonal deficiency in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). This often necessitates testosterone treatment, but limited data are available to guide testosterone treatment in adult men with PWS. We aimed to evaluate the serum testosterone concentrations and adverse effects of testosterone treatment in individuals with PWS attending a specialist obesity management service. A retrospective audit was undertaken at Austin Health, Melbourne between January 2010 and April 2021. Main outcome measures were testosterone formulation and dose, serum total testosterone concentration, and prevalence of polycythemia and behavioral disturbance. Data were available for eight individuals with median baseline age 19 years (range, 19-42) and BMI 37 kg/m2 (range, 27-71). Six men had obstructive sleep apnea; none were smokers. Baseline testosterone concentration was 1.8 nmol/L (IQR, 1.1-3.3) with hematocrit 0.43. Testosterone formulations were intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (TU) 1000 mg (n = 5), transdermal testosterone gel 50 mg daily (n = 1), and oral TU 80-120 mg daily (n = 2). Median total testosterone concentration was 9.7 nmol/L (IQR, 8.5-14.7). Nine of 25 (36%) hematocrit results in six patients measured >0.50 (range, 0.50-0.56). Intramuscular TU was well tolerated and was the only formulation to achieve serum total testosterone concentrations in the adult male reference range. Worsening behavioral disturbance resulted in treatment discontinuation in one individual. Our experience reinforces the need to regular monitoring of hematocrit in men with PWS treated with testosterone. However, a worsening of behavior problems was uncommon in this series.

Keywords: Prader-Willi syndrome; hypogonadism; obesity; polycythemia; testosterone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Brendan J. Nolan reports fees from iNova pharmaceuticals for lectures unrelated to the submitted work. Priya Sumithran reports fees from Novo Nordisk for participation in a lecture unrelated to the submitted work. Joseph Proietto reports being chairman of the medical advisory board for liraglutide 3 mg and has received payment for consultancy from Astra Zeneca and Eli Lilly, and lectures from iNova pharmaceuticals unrelated to the submitted work.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Dot plot of serum total testosterone concentration at baseline (pre‐treatment, n = 4) and during testosterone treatment by formulation (intramuscular n = 5, oral TU n = 1, and testosterone gel n = 1). Dashed line indicates total testosterone concentration = 10.4 nmol/L, the lower limit of the male reference range
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Dot plot of hematocrit at baseline (prior to testosterone treatment, n = 4) and during testosterone treatment (n = 8). Dashed line indicates hematocrit = 0.5, the upper limit of normal
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Bhasin, S. , Brito, J. P. , Cunningham, G. R. , Hayes, F. J. , Hodis, H. N. , Matsumoto, A. M. , Snyder, P. J. , Swerdloff, R. S. , Wu, F. C. , & Yialamas, M. A. (2018). Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 103(5), 1715–1744. 10.1210/jc.2018-00229 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Braekkan, S. K. , Mathiesen, E. B. , Njølstad, I. , Wilsgaard, T. , & Hansen, J. B. (2010). Hematocrit and risk of venous thromboembolism in a general population. The Tromso study. Haematologica, 95(2), 270–275. 10.3324/haematol.2009.008417 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Butler, M. G. , Oyetunji, A. , & Manzardo, A. M. (2020). Age distribution, comorbidities and risk factors for thrombosis in Prader‐Willi syndrome. Genes (Basel), 11(1), 67. 10.3390/genes11010067 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Byrnes, J. R. , & Wolberg, A. S. (2017). Red blood cells in thrombosis. Blood, 130(16), 1795–1799. 10.1182/blood-2017-03-745349 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eiholzer, U. , l'Allemand, D. , Rousson, V. , Schlumpf, M. , Gasser, T. , Girard, J. , Grüters, A. , & Simoni, M. (2006). Hypothalamic and gonadal components of hypogonadism in boys with Prader‐Labhart‐Willi syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91(3), 892–898. 10.1210/jc.2005-0902 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types