Efficacy and safety of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A case series

Abstract

Background: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a substantial burden to patients, caregivers, and the treating team. There is a lack of robust evidence to support the efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to augment clozapine in this population. When used in conjunction with clozapine or other combination antipsychotic regimens, maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) can be a potential therapeutic option in preventing symptom exacerbation in TRS. However, there is limited evidence supporting the role of M-ECT in TRS.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in patients with TRS.

Methodology: Sociodemographic details, illness characteristics, details of M-ECT procedure, adverse events, and course of the illness were evaluated using a retrospective chart review at a tertiary care psychiatry centre in south India. Scores on Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and Hindi Mental Status Examination were compared before and after the course of M-ECT.

Results: Seven male and three female patients received M-ECT in the last eight years (range of 22-172 sessions). There was a reduction in hospitalizations for acute exacerbation and significant improvement in the patient's overall functioning without significant adverse effects.

Conclusion: Maintenance ECT can be a safe and effective treatment option for achieving symptom control in the long-term management of refractory schizophrenia. Controlled trials are needed in this area for further evidence.

Keywords: Clozapine; ECT; Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy; Treatment-resistant schizophrenia.