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. 2018 Jan 2;8(3):1218-1224.
doi: 10.1039/c7ra10821d.

High-strength lignin-based carbon fibers via a low-energy method

Zhong Dai  1 , Xiaojuan Shi  1 , Huan Liu  1 , Haiming Li  1 , Ying Han  1 , Jinghui Zhou  1
Affiliations

High-strength lignin-based carbon fibers via a low-energy method

Zhong Dai et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Bio-renewable carbon fibers are fabricated and employed as high-strength composite materials in many fields. In this work, a facile and low energy consumption method was developed to fabricate high-strength lignin-based carbon fibers. Using iodine treatment, the thermodynamic stability of the lignin-based precursor fibers increased significantly, and thus energy consumption during the preparation of the carbon fibers was reduced. The influence of the iodine treatment on fibers was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, tension testing, etc. The resulting iodine lignin-based carbon fibers had better tensile strength (89 MPa) than that of PAN carbon fibers produced by electrospinning technology.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Preparation mechanism of (a) iodine treated lignin and (b) high-strength lignin-based carbon fibers.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Characterization of the lignin-based precursor fiber: (a) EDS mapping and (b) surface energy spectrum.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. FT-IR spectra of lignin before and after iodine treatment.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. DSC curves of lignin and I-lignin.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. SEM images of (a) lignin, (b) lignin after thermostabilization, (c) I-lignin, and (d) I-lignin after thermostabilization.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. SEM images of the SFs at the heating rates of (a) 0.2 °C min−1 and (b) 2.0 °C min−1, and ISFs at the heating rates of (c) 0.2 °C min−1 and (d) 2.0 °C min−1.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. SEM images of the CFs thermally stabilized at the heating rate of (a) 0.2 °C min−1 and (b) 2.0 °C min−1 and ICFs thermally stabilized at the heating rate of (c) 0.2 °C min−1 and (d) 2.0 °C min−1.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. SEM images of the cross-sections of the CFs thermally stabilized at the heating rate of (a) 0.2 °C min−1 and ICFs thermally stabilized at the heating rate of (b) 0.2 °C min−1.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. TG-DTG curves of lignin based precursor fibers and I-lignin based precursor fibers.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. The tensile stress and Young’s moduli of the CFs-0.2, CFs-2.0, ICFs-0.2, and ICFs-2.0.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. The XRD patterns of the CFs-0.2, CFs-2.0, ICFs-0.2, and ICFs-2.0.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. The Raman spectra of the CFs-0.2, CFs-2.0, ICFs-0.2, and ICFs-2.0.
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