Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Dec 16;9(71):41475-41480.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra09158k. eCollection 2019 Dec 13.

Copper chloride as a conversion-type positive electrode for rechargeable aluminum batteries

Masanobu Chiku  1 , Takeshi Kunisawa  1 , Eiji Higuchi  1 , Hiroshi Inoue  1
Affiliations

Copper chloride as a conversion-type positive electrode for rechargeable aluminum batteries

Masanobu Chiku et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Copper chloride (CuCl2) was investigated for the first time as conversion-type positive electrode material in a rechargeable Al battery. The electrode was reversibly charged and discharged in an electrolyte solution of AlCl3, dipropylsulfone, and toluene (1 : 10 : 5 molar ratio). The initial discharge capacity was about 370 mA h (g-CuCl2)-1 at 0.028C-rate (11 mA (g-CuCl2)-1), which was almost the same as the theoretical value (399 mA h (g-CuCl2)-1) and higher than that of insertion-type positive electrode materials as used in the rechargeable Al battery. Moreover, a two-stage discharge plateau voltage was observed at 1.5 V and 0.8 V, which was higher than other conversion type positive electrodes for the aluminum rechargeable battery. The high discharge voltage realized a high energy density of 426 mW h (g-CuCl2)-1, which is the highest energy density compared with other conversion type positive electrodes. Two different strategies were implemented to increase the lifetime of the cell, namely, increasing the upper cut-off voltage and decreasing the particle size of CuCl2. The discharge capacity for the electrode at the second cycle was threefold that for a pristine CuCl2 electrode.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. CVs of (a) CuCl2, (b) CuCl, and (c) FeCl2 electrodes in AlCl3/DPSO2/toluene solution. Sweep rate, 0.1 mV s−1.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Charge/discharge curves for the rechargeable Al battery with (a) CuCl2 and (b) CuCl electrode at a C-rate of 0.028 (11 mA (g-CuCl2)−1) and 0.043 (17 mA (g-CuCl)−1). TEM images: (c) bright-field image and (d) dark-field image of CuCl (111). Inset shows the SAED pattern of the charged electrode.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. (a) CVs (third cycle) of the CuCl2 electrode in AlCl3/DPSO2/toluene solution for potential sweep ranges of 0–2.5 V and 0–4 V. Sweep rate, 0.1 mV s−1. (b) Charge/discharge curves for the rechargeable Al battery with the CuCl2 electrode at a C-rate of 0.028 (11 mA (g-CuCl2)−1). The cut-off voltage during charging was 4 V.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. (a) XRD patterns for CuCl2 powders ball-milled for different time periods. (b–d) Charge/discharge curves for the rechargeable Al batteries with ball-milled CuCl2 electrodes at a C-rate of 0.028 (11 mA (g-CuCl2)−1). Ball-milling times were (b) 0.5, (c) 4, and (d) 12 h.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Oudenhoven J. F. M. Baggetto L. Notten P. H. L. Adv. Energy Mater. 2011;1:10–33. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201000002. - DOI
    1. Muldoon J. Bucur C. B. Gregory T. Chem. Rev. 2014;114:11683–11720. doi: 10.1021/cr500049y. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lee J. S. Kim S. T. Cao R. Choi N. S. Liu M. Lee K. T. Cho J. Adv. Energy Mater. 2011;1:34–50. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201000010. - DOI
    1. Aurbach D. Lu Z. Schechter A. Gofer Y. Gizbar H. Turgeman R. Cohen Y. Moshkovich M. Levi E. Nature. 2000;407:724–727. doi: 10.1038/35037553. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Geng L. Lv G. Xing X. Guo J. Chem. Mater. 2015;27:4926–4929. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01918. - DOI