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. 2019 Dec 5;9(69):40348-40356.
doi: 10.1039/c9ra08062g. eCollection 2019 Dec 3.

High-performance sono/nano-catalytic system: CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu nanocomposite, a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-arylimidazoles

Reza Taheri-Ledari  1 , Seyed Masoud Hashemi  1 , Ali Maleki  1
Affiliations

High-performance sono/nano-catalytic system: CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu nanocomposite, a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of N-arylimidazoles

Reza Taheri-Ledari et al. RSC Adv. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Herein, a promising heterogeneous nanoscale catalytic system constructed of chitosan (CTSN, as a polymeric basis), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs, as the magnetic agent), and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs, as the main catalytic active site) is presented. Firstly, a convenient synthetic route for preparation of this novel nanocatalyst (CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu) is presented. Further, the synergistic catalytic effect between the novel-designed catalyst and ultrasound waves (USW) in N-arylation coupling reactions of the imidazole derivatives (using various aryl halides) is precisely discussed. Concisely, high reaction yields (98%) have been obtained in short reaction time (10 min) through applying a partial amount (0.01 g) of this nanocatalyst. As the main reason for high catalytic activity of CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu, nanosized cluster-shaped morphology, which provides a wide surface active area, can be expressed. However, as the most distinguished properties of CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu catalytic system, high convenience in separation and excellent reusability could be mentioned. CTSN/Fe3O4-Cu nanocomposite can be easily recovered by using an external magnet and reused at least for eight times with no significant decline in the catalytic activity. Structural characterizations of this novel system have been done by various analytical methods and the obtained results have been well interpreted in the context.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Preparation route of CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1. FT-IR spectra of CTSN, Fe3O4, and CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. (a) FE-SEM image of CTSN/Fe3O4, and (b) the prepared CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite. (c) EDX analysis results of the prepared CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite [Y-axis: count, X-axis: energy (keV)].
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. XRD pattern of the fabricated CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. (a) TGA of the fabricated CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite, and (b) VSM analysis of (i) Fe3O4 NPs and (ii) CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2. Schematic of the synthesis of aryl imidazole derivatives by CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocatalyst, in US bath.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Reusability diagram of CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. The plausible mechanism for N-arylation of imidazole derivatives assisted by CTSN/Fe3O4–Cu nanocomposite.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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