Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis

doi:10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9

. 2022 May 11;15(1):57.

doi: 10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9.

Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis

Affiliations

¹ The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 407, 4/F, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
² Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁴ School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵ Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
⁶ School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
⁸ University of the Philippines, Manila, The Philippines.
⁹ Department of Population and Health Sciences, USC Institute On Inequalities in Global Health, APRU Global Health Program, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Soto Street Building, SSB318G, 2001 North Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA. mwithers@usc.edu.
¹⁰ The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 407, 4/F, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.
¹¹ School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.
¹² Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.

PMID: 35546241
PMCID: PMC9097358
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9

Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis

Junjie Huang et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2022.

. 2022 May 11;15(1):57.

doi: 10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9.

Affiliations

¹ The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 407, 4/F, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
² Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
³ School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁴ School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁵ Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
⁶ School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
⁸ University of the Philippines, Manila, The Philippines.
⁹ Department of Population and Health Sciences, USC Institute On Inequalities in Global Health, APRU Global Health Program, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Soto Street Building, SSB318G, 2001 North Soto Street, MC 9239, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9239, USA. mwithers@usc.edu.
¹⁰ The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 407, 4/F, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.
¹¹ School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.
¹² Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. wong_martin@cuhk.edu.hk.

PMID: 35546241
PMCID: PMC9097358
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01281-9

Abstract

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma is a lymphatic malignancy commonly found in cervical lymph nodes. This study evaluated the worldwide incidence, mortality, associated risk factors, and temporal trends of Hodgkin lymphoma by sex, age, and country.

Methods: The age-standardised Hodgkin lymphoma incidence and mortality were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN, CI5 volumes I-XI, WHO mortality database, the NORDCAN and SEER Program. The age-standardised prevalence of smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity, and hypertension was also extracted for each country. Trends were tested using Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) from Joinpoint regression analysis.

Results: The Hodgkin lymphoma incidence and mortality were 0.98 and 0.26 per 100,000 in 2020. A higher incidence was observed in high-income countries, while higher mortality was found in low-income countries. Incidence and mortality were associated with GDP per capita, prevalence of smoking, obesity, and hypertension at the population level. Despite the decreasing mortality trend, there was an increasing incidence, especially among females, younger population, and subjects from Asian countries.

Conclusions: There was an increasing trend in Hodgkin lymphoma incidence, especially among subjects who were female, younger population, and from Asian countries. Further studies are needed to investigate the reasons for these epidemiologic trends.

Keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; Incidence; Mortality; Risk factors; Temporal trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Global incidence and mortality of Hodgkin lymphoma, both sexes, all ages, in 2020

**Fig. 2**
Associations between risk factors and Hodgkin lymphoma incidence

**Fig. 3**
Associations between risk factors and Hodgkin lymphoma mortality

**Fig. 4**
AAPC of Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in individuals aged 0–85+ years old

**Fig. 5**
AAPC of Hodgkin lymphoma mortality in individuals aged 0–85+ years old

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Kaseb H, Babiker HM. Hodgkin lymphoma. Updated June 30, 2021. Accessed 21 Feb 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499969/.
1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. - DOI - PubMed
1. Punnett A, Tsang RW, Hodgson DC. Hodgkin lymphoma across the age spectrum: epidemiology, therapy, and late effects. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2010;20(1):30–44. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2009.09.006. - DOI - PubMed
1. Metzger ML, Mauz-Körholz C. Epidemiology, outcome, targeted agents and immunotherapy in adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019;185(6):1142–1157. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15789. - DOI - PubMed
1. Amraee A, Evazi MR, Shakeri M, et al. Efficacy of nivolumab as checkpoint inhibitor drug on survival rate of patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical study. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019;21(8):1093–1103. doi: 10.1007/s12094-018-02032-4. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Kaseb H, Babiker HM. Hodgkin lymphoma. Updated June 30, 2021. Accessed 21 Feb 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499969/.

[2] Kaseb H, Babiker HM. Hodgkin lymphoma. Updated June 30, 2021. Accessed 21 Feb 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499969/.

[3] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Punnett A, Tsang RW, Hodgson DC. Hodgkin lymphoma across the age spectrum: epidemiology, therapy, and late effects. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2010;20(1):30–44. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2009.09.006. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Punnett A, Tsang RW, Hodgson DC. Hodgkin lymphoma across the age spectrum: epidemiology, therapy, and late effects. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2010;20(1):30–44. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2009.09.006. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Metzger ML, Mauz-Körholz C. Epidemiology, outcome, targeted agents and immunotherapy in adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019;185(6):1142–1157. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15789. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Metzger ML, Mauz-Körholz C. Epidemiology, outcome, targeted agents and immunotherapy in adolescent and young adult non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019;185(6):1142–1157. doi: 10.1111/bjh.15789. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Amraee A, Evazi MR, Shakeri M, et al. Efficacy of nivolumab as checkpoint inhibitor drug on survival rate of patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical study. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019;21(8):1093–1103. doi: 10.1007/s12094-018-02032-4. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Amraee A, Evazi MR, Shakeri M, et al. Efficacy of nivolumab as checkpoint inhibitor drug on survival rate of patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical study. Clin Transl Oncol. 2019;21(8):1093–1103. doi: 10.1007/s12094-018-02032-4. - DOI - PubMed

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Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis

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Incidence, mortality, risk factors, and trends for Hodgkin lymphoma: a global data analysis

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