Biological Effects of Aqueous Extract of Laurus noboilis L. Leaves on Some Histological and Immunological Parameters in Male Rat Liver Affected by Aluminum Chloride

Abstract

The present current study aimed to assess the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Laurus noboilis L. leaves against the toxic effects of aluminum chloride on liver tissue. A number of 36 male albino rats (Wistar) were randomly assigned to six groups (n=6) and treated for 30 days: Group 1 was regarded as the control group, Group 2 received Aluminum Chloride 90 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage, Group3: normal rats received aqueous extracts of Lurus Nobilis L. leaf 150 mg/kg body weight, Group 4: normal rats received aqueous extracts of Lurus Nobilis L. leaf 200 mg/kg body weight, Group 5: normal rats received aqueous extracts of Lurus Nobilis L. leaf 150 mg/kg body weight after a period of 4 h following treatment by Aluminum Chloride 90 mg/kg body weight, Group 6: normal rats received aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis L. 200 mg /kg after a period of 4 h following treatment by Aluminum chloride with 90 mg/kg body weight. All the experimental animals were sacrificed, and sections of their liver were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for histological evaluations. Moreover, the liver enzymes and immune cytokines, such as Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured. As evidenced by the results of the current study, treatment with aqueous extract of Lurus Nobilis L. leaves at a dose of 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally contributed to the mitigation of the toxic effects of Aluminum Chloride in albino rats by reducing the damage and inflammation in the hepatocytes. The study suggested that the aqueous extract of Lurus Nobilis L. enhances the protective effect against liver toxicity.

Keywords: Aluminum chloride; Cytokines; Hepatocyte; Interleukin-10; Lurus Nobilis.

Figure 1

A histological section in the Liver of rat (control group) showing normal appearance of central vein (thick arrow), Sinusoids (thin arrow), and Hepatocytes (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 2

A histological section in the liver of rats treated with aluminum chloride 90 mg/kg showing congestion central vein (thick arrow), degeneration hepatic cell (thin arrow), necrosis hepatic cell (blue arrow), increased infiltration of inflammatory cells (green arrow), and expansion of sinusoids (red arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 3

A histological section in the liver of rats treated with Aluminum Chloride 90 mg/kg body weight showing increased infiltration of inflammatory cells (thick arrow) with congestion portal vein (thin arrow) and a branch of the bile duct (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 4

Histological section in the Liver of rats treated with aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis150 mg/ kg body weight showing normal appearance of central vein (thick arrow), Sinusoids (thin arrow), and Hepatocytes (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 5

Liver section of rats treated with aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis200 mg/kg body weight showing normal appearance of central vein (thick arrow), Sinusoids (thin arrow), and hepatocytes arranged into hepatic cords (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 6

Liver section of rats treated with aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis 150 mg /kg body weight and aluminum chloride 90 mg/kg showing less congestion central vein (thick arrow), Sinusoids (thin arrow), and irregular arrangement of the hepatic cords (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)

Figure 7

Liver section of rats treated with aqueous extracts of Laurus nobilis 200 mg /kg body weight and aluminum chloride 90 mg/kg body weight showing nearly normal of central vein (thick arrow), Sinusoids (thin arrow), and regularity of the hepatic cords (blue arrow) (H&E 200X)