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. 2018 Oct 15;8(61):35139-35149.
doi: 10.1039/c8ra05621h. eCollection 2018 Oct 10.

The stability and bioaccessibility of fucoxanthin in spray-dried microcapsules based on various biopolymers

Xiaowen Sun  1 , Ying Xu  1 , Lili Zhao  2 , Hongxue Yan  2 , Shuhui Wang  3 , Dongfeng Wang  1
Affiliations

The stability and bioaccessibility of fucoxanthin in spray-dried microcapsules based on various biopolymers

Xiaowen Sun et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Fucoxanthin is a major marine carotenoid with many biological activities. It is well known that fucoxanthin is unstable to heat and acid due to its polyunsaturated structure. Another defect of fucoxanthin is the low bioavailability and all these drawbacks make it limited in the food industry. In order to improve its stability and intestinal absorption, fucoxanthin was encapsulated with biopolymers by spray drying in this study. All the microspheres we prepared had a spherical shape with encapsulation efficiencies (EE) ranging from 86.48% to 97.06%. A heat stability test showed that maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI) improved the thermal stability of fucoxanthin. The degradation kinetics of the loaded fucoxanthin encapsulated with biopolymers also indicated that GA and MD had a better protective effect on fucoxanthin. The encapsulated fucoxanthin degradation rate within MD, GA, WPI and gelatin (GEL) followed second-order kinetics and their half-life (t 1/2) was 92.6 d, 99.8 d, 50.9 d and 69.3 d, respectively. The simulated digestion test in vitro suggested that MD, GA and WPI effectively protected fucoxanthin in the gastric acid environment, meanwhile increasing the release rate of fucoxanthin in the intestinal tract.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. SEM photographs of the microspheres containing fucoxanthin using different wall materials (A) HP-β-CD, (B) MD, (C) GA, (D) WPI, (E) PPI, and (F) GEL.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of fucoxanthin microcapsules. Fucoxanthin (Fx) extracted from Undaria pinnatifida (A), HP-β-CD (B), FX- HP-β-CD (C), MD (D), Fx-MD (E). GA (F), Fx-GA (G), WPI (H), Fx-WPI (I), PPI (J), Fx-PPI (K), GEL (L) and Fx-GEL (M). Each FTIR spectrum was analyzed in the wavelength range of 4000–400 cm−1.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The heat stability of fucoxanthin microcapsules encapsulated with different wall materials at 90 °C.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Fucoxanthin degradation kinetics of microcapsules based on different vehicles: HP-β-CD, MD, GA, WPI, PPI and GEL at the temperature of 37 °C.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. (A) Digestive stability (%) of fucoxanthin in microcapsules after simulated gastric tract digestion in vitro. (B) Bioaccessibility (%) of fucoxanthin in microcapsules after three intestinal tracts digestion in vitro.
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