Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Apr 25:9:865458.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.865458. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gallbladder Stones and Polyps in Liaoning, China

Xinhe Zhang  1 , Lin Guan  1 , Haoyu Tian  2 , Yiling Li  1
Affiliations

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gallbladder Stones and Polyps in Liaoning, China

Xinhe Zhang et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of gallbladder stones and polyps in individuals undergoing physical examinations in Liaoning province, China.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of adults who underwent routine health examinations at Xikang Medical Center in Liaoning Province (Shenyang, Dandong, and Dalian) from 01/2016 to 12/2020. The routine health examination included anthropometry, blood tests, and liver ultrasound. Based on liver ultrasound results, patients were grouped into those with gallbladder stones, those with gallbladder polyps, those with both stones and polyps, and those with neither.

Results: Of the 284,129 included subjects, 6,537 (2.30%) were diagnosed with gallbladder stones, and 18,873 (6.64%) were diagnosed with gallbladder polyps. The overall prevalence in Liaoning province increased each year, peaking in 2020. The prevalence of gallbladder stones was higher among females than males (2.39% vs. 2.23%, respectively), while the prevalence of gallbladder polyps was higher among males. The gallbladder polyp group had higher BMI, FBG, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, AST, ALP, GGT, BUN, Scr, SUA. Except for HDL-C, all factors were also higher in the gallbladder stone group. Patients with fatty liver had a higher prevalence of gallbladder stones and polyps than participants without fatty liver.

Conclusion: The prevalence of gallbladder stones and polyps in Liaoning varies by sex, economic status of the city of residence, BMI, and metabolic indicators.

Keywords: fatty liver; gallbladder polyps; gallbladder stones; metabolic syndrome; prevalence; risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Prevalence of gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps stratified by different subgroups (A) gender; (B) city; (C) year; (D) age.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Correlation fatty liver and gallbladder stone and gallbladder polyps. (A) The proportion of gallbladder stones in fatty liver group and non-fatty liver group in different cities. (B) The proportion of gallbladder polyps in fatty liver group and non-fatty liver group in different cities. (C) The proportion of both gallbladder stones and polyps in fatty liver group and non-fatty liver group in different cities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Di Ciaula A, Garruti G, Frühbeck G, De Angelis M, de Bari O, Wang DQ, et al. The role of diet in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Curr Med Chem. (2019) 26:3620–38. 10.2174/0929867324666170530080636 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kim YK, Kwon OS, Her KH. The grade of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for gallstone disease: an observational study. Medicine. (2019) 98:e16018. 10.1097/MD.0000000000016018 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sun N, Zuo W, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Cheng S, Zhou J, et al. Acupuncture for biliary colic: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open. (2021) 11:e041931. 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041931 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vila M, Lladó L, Ramos E. Management and treatment of gallbladder polyps. Med Clin. (2018) 150:487–91. 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.12.003 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Valibouze C, El Amrani M, Truant S, Leroy C, Millet G, Pruvot FR, et al. The management of gallbladder polyps. J Visc Surg. (2020) 157:410–7. 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.008 - DOI - PubMed