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Review
. 2022 Apr 25:12:853981.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853981. eCollection 2022.

Gut Microbiota: Therapeutic Targets of Ginseng Against Multiple Disorders and Ginsenoside Transformation

Zhaoqiang Chen  1 , Zepeng Zhang  2   3 , Jiaqi Liu  1 , Hongyu Qi  1 , Jing Li  1 , Jinjin Chen  1 , Qingxia Huang  1   2 , Qing Liu  1 , Jia Mi  4 , Xiangyan Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Gut Microbiota: Therapeutic Targets of Ginseng Against Multiple Disorders and Ginsenoside Transformation

Zhaoqiang Chen et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

Panax ginseng, as the king of Chinese herb, has significant therapeutic effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, colitis, diarrhea, and many other diseases. This review systematically summarized recent findings, which show that ginseng plays its role by regulating gut microbiota diversity, and gut microbiota could also regulate the transformation of ginsenosides. We conclude the characteristics of ginseng in regulating gut microbiota, as the potential targets to prevent and treat metabolic diseases, colitis, neurological diseases, cancer, and other diseases. Ginseng treatment can increase some probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia, and reduce pathogenic bacteria such as Deferribacters, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter against various diseases. Meanwhile, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Bifidobacterium were found to be the key bacteria for ginsenoside transformation in vivo. Overall, ginseng can regulate gut microbiome diversity, further affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as promote the transformation of ginsenosides for improving the absorptivity of ginsenosides. This review can provide better insight into the interaction of ginseng with gut microbiota in multiple disorders and ginsenoside transformation.

Keywords: ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer); ginsenoside; gisenoside transformation; gut microbiota; multiple disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ginseng shows its potential therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases through the regulation of gut microbiota in animal models.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The metabolism of ginsenosides under the action of gut microbiota.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The summary of gut microbiota participates regulating ginsenoside transform. The left row is the gut microbiota involved in ginsenoside transformation. The middle part shows branched chain position of glycosidic bond hydrolysis, the removed sugar group, and the remaining functional groups respectively. The corresponding ginsenosides transformed are listed on the right row.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The correlation between ginseng and gut microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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