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Review
. 2018 Sep 3;8(54):30875-30886.
doi: 10.1039/c8ra05308a. eCollection 2018 Aug 30.

Efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value chemicals by chemo- and bio-catalysis

Haian Xia  1   2 , Siquan Xu  1   2 , Hong Hu  1   2 , Jiahuan An  1   2 , Changzhi Li  3
Affiliations
Review

Efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value chemicals by chemo- and bio-catalysis

Haian Xia et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a very important versatile platform compound derived from renewable biomass. The functionalized molecule with an aldehyde group, a hydroxyl group and a furan ring provides great potential for the production of a wide variety of valuable chemicals. This review highlights the latest advances in the catalytic conversion of HMF into value-added chemicals by some important reactions including (1) aerobic oxidation of HMF into furan-based aldehydes and acids such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), and furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), (2) reductive amination of HMF to amine, (3) the synthesis of aromatics by Diels-alder reaction followed by a dehydration reaction, (4) catalytic reduction of HMF into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), and 2,5-dimethyl furan (DMF), (5) catalytic oxidation of HMF into maleic anhydride, and some other important transformations. The review mainly focuses on the recent progress in bio-catalytic, electrocatalytic, and heterogeneous catalytic transformation of HMF into high value chemicals over the past few years. Moreover, an outlook is provided to highlight opportunities and challenges related to this hot research topic.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. HMF as a platform compound for diverse reaction.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2. Schematic illustration of the transformation of starch to HMF.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3. Reaction pathway for aqueous HMF oxidation.
Scheme 4
Scheme 4. Possible mechanism of the photocatalytic oxidation of HMF into FDCA with the CoPz/g-C3N4 catalyst.
Scheme 5
Scheme 5. Detailed reaction network of DMF and ethylene at 528 K.
Scheme 6
Scheme 6. Diels–Alder pathways to PTA and DMT from HMF using oxidation steps.
Scheme 7
Scheme 7. Oxidation of various furan derivatives to MA with H2O2 as the oxidant in formic acid solvent.
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