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. 2022 Apr 26;19(9):5255.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095255.

The Impact of Lockdowns on Caffeine Consumption: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi  1 , Kleo Evripidou  1 , Ranil Jayawardena  2 , João Breda  3 , Theodoros Dardavessis  1 , Kalliopi-Anna Poulia  4 , Michail Chourdakis  1
Affiliations

The Impact of Lockdowns on Caffeine Consumption: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been characterized by the World Health Organization as a pandemic in March 2020 and the lockdown measures that were implemented in an effort to limit the transmission of the virus affected the daily life of many people in all over the world. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the changes during/after the lockdowns in caffeine consumption by coffee and energy drinks. A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) up to 31 December 2021 and out of 19,511 studies found and 12,885 screened, 16 studies were included according to eligibility criteria. Results regarding coffee consumption showed that a significant part of individuals decreased their consumption and in five studies an increase was reported, including women and seniors >60 years old. Energy drinks were also consumed less during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown time. Attention should be given for menopausal women where an increase in coffee consumption was found which could impair bone density, but further research is needed in order to make safe conclusions.

Keywords: COVID-19; caffeine; coffee; energy drinks; lifestyle; lockdown.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Items of JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist of included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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